Urbanisation Bristol

• Population distribution


  The way the population is spread out across an area
• Types of population distribution

  • Sparsely populated
  • Densely populated
• Sparsely populated


  Few people in an area, eg per km squared
• Densely populated


  Many people in an area, eg per km squared
• Economic sectors


  • Primary industry
  • Secondary industry
  • Tertiary industry
  • Quaternary industry
• Primary industry


  Extracting raw materials, eg farmer/fisherman, coal miner
• Secondary industry


  Manufacturing raw materials into a product, eg bread factory
• Tertiary industry


  Providing a service, eg selling bread in a shop
• Quaternary industry


  Research and Development and high tech industries, eg app developer
• Core city


  A city with regional importance, attracting people from elsewhere
• Bristol


  • Located in the SW, along the Bristol Channel, next to the M4 corridor
  • Has many international links, like the airport and a port
  • Has 2 universities, major tech hub and Bristol Old Vic (the oldest continually working theatre in the English-speaking world)
• Migrants attracted to Bristol


  • Big Polish and Jamaican population
• Social opportunities in Bristol

  • Two football teams: Bristol City and Bristol Rovers
  • Vibrant music scene: Colston Hall hosts concerts
  • Vibrant theatre scene: Bristol Old Vic
  • Plenty of shopping: Cabot Circus and Cribbs Causeway are shopping centres
  • Bristol Harbourside has nightclubs and bars
• Economic opportunities in Bristol

  • Major tech hub: Aardman Animations based here
  • Aviation industry based in Bristol: Airbus and Rolls-Royce Aerospace
  • Defence Procurement Agency employs 30,000 people
  • Huawei has invested in the city, creating quaternary industry opportunities
  • Superfast Broadband available and contact with educated workforce from universities
• Bristol has increased the number of jobs in their low-carbon industries
• 300 electric car charging points have been installed in the city
• Transport system has been developed, linking to trains and trams to improve public transport
• Parts of the city have been converted to parks to green the city
• Regeneration


  The process of improving an area by creating new industry and changing the provision of buildings
• Temple Quarter


  • Located next to the River Avon, and contains many old warehouses
  • Previously had few jobs, shops and run-down buildings
  • Now contains many bars, cafes and offices
  • Old landmarks are being redeveloped for hi-tech industry eg Brunel's Engine Shed
  • Bristol Arena is being proposed to be built to house concerts and shows
• Regeneration means brownfield sites are reused, which is better for reducing urban sprawl and building on the green belt
• Sustainable city


  A city that has been developed to meet the economic, social and environmental needs of the future
• Bristol is becoming a sustainable city by creating more cycle routes for people
• Cycling not only reduces carbon emissions, but also reduces obesity levels in the city
• The Bristol Cycle Network provides safe and on-road cycle routes, and space for walking and cycling
• Bristol has introduced a 'pee-bus' which runs on energy generated from human waste
• Social challenges facing Bristol

  • High levels of deprivation, with 1/2 people living in very low-income households
  • High levels of car ownership
  • Low GCSE attainment, with only 30% of students achieving top grades
  • High crime rates, with over 1300 crimes per year
  • Lower life expectancy in deprived areas compared to affluent areas
• Place


  A portion of geographic space that is unique in some way and can be compared with other places
• Space


  Interactions that link places together eg the movement of people from one place to another (migration)
• Scale


  Understanding where certain places are at a variety of scales ranging from local (nearby) to global (worldwide)
• Interdependence


  Where geographical locations are dependent on one another in some way or form eg low income countries relying on high income countries for aid
• Physical & human processes

  Human or physical mechanisms of change such as migration or sea-level rise
• Environmental impacts


  The effect that people and/or natural occurrences have on the environment and our surroundings
• Sustainable development


  Improving places in such a way that does not have a negative impact on the environment or the people, now or for future generations
• Cultural awareness


  Our understanding of the differences between cultures and people from other countries or other backgrounds
• Cultural diversity


  Our ability to recognise that there are a large amount of different cultures that exist around the world