Advance study sci

• According Ernst Mayr, a german born american biologist, "species are groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that reproductively isolate other such groups
• The term "species", when referring to the group of organism, is always IN THE plural FORM, as compared to "specie" which pertains to "coin money".
• A group of particular species makes up population.
• Population consists of ALL organisms that belong to the same species, that occupy particular place at a given time.
• Species; biological, morphological, ecological, and phylogenetic
• Biological- a group of organisms that actually or can potentially interbreed or mate to produce an offspring.
• Morphological- a group of organism based on identical physical features or appearance.
• Ecological- a group of organisms that share the same resources of niche.
• Phylogenetic- a group of RELATED ORGANISMS with shared unique genetic history and who are composed of certain defining or derived traits; more on evolutionary relationships.
• The ecological level of organization; starts with INDIVIDUAL, POPULATION, COMMUNITY,ECOSYSTEM, BIOME AND LASTLY BIOSPHERE
• Organism can be CATEGORIZED according to their modes of nutrients, as autotrophs or producer, heterotrophs or consumer and decomposers.
• Autotrophs such as plants, manufacture their own food and get energy from the sun
• Heterotrophs such as animals consume food from other organisms to get energy
• Last, the decomposers are organism that break down the decaying bodies of plants and animals and THEIR WASTE PRODUCTS
• Every organisms, needs energy to move and perform various life functions. All living things get their energy from the food they eat. Energy is important for organisms to grow and survive.
• HOW ORGANISMS GET ENERGY DIFFERS. THE PRIMARY SOURCE OF ENERGY ON EARTH IS THE SUN. IT PRODUCES AND GIVES SOLAR ENERGY THAT IS NEEDED BY LIVING THINGS, PARTICULARLY THE PRODUCERS
• Autotrophs such as plants, certain bacteria and some algae captures the energy from and the sun and stores in the form of chemical energy. The word "autotroph" came from the greek word "auto" which means "self" and "troph" which means "feeding"
• Autotrophs are self-feeding organism that use solar energy to produce or manufacture their own foods.
• Though a process called PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• There are two types of AUTOTROPHS which are the PHOTOAUTOTROPH AND CHEMOAUTOTROPH
• Photoautotrophs such as plants are organism that use energy form the sun and convert in into chemical energy inside their cells. They use this energy to convert carbon from carbon dioxide into organic compound such as gluecose.
• Chemoautotrophs, on the other hand, undergo chemosynthesis or a process of BREAKING DOWN either inorganic or organic MOLECULES to supply ENERGY for their cells
• Plants are probably the best know autotrophs, and they are able to get energy from the sun because during the photosynthesis these autotrophs use the light energy from the sun to activate chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water to starch or sugar (gluecose)
• Unlike autotrophs, there are organisms that do not have the ability to get energy directly from the sun. Organisms that depends on other organisms are called herbivores or consumers
• There are different types of consumers: herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores
• Herbivores- these are animals that obtain energy from plants or plant pants only.

  • goat, giraffe, caterpillar, cow, horse and deer are examples of herbivores
• Carnivores- animals such as SNAKES, OWLS, LIONS, TIGERS, AND PANTHERS that feed ONLY ON OTHER ANIMALS or their parts. (Meat & blood)
• Omnivores- there organisms wat both plants and animals.

  • humans, cats, dogs, chickens and many species of bear are carnivores.
• Decomposers on the other hand, also known as SAPROTROPHS, breaks down organic or matter.

  • bacterias, fungi, and earthworms are decomposer
• Detritivores and decomposers are also known as recyclers, because they recycle nutrients in the ecosystem