cellular respiration

• cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondria and results in the production of atp
• aerobic cellular respiration

  organisms that live in toxic (oxygen containing) conditions used by animals, plants, fungi, protists, and bacteria
• anaerobic cellular respiration


  live in anoxic (no oxygen) conditions used by bacteria and archaea especially the chemosynthetic organisms
• fermentation


  an anaerobic process but not classified as anaerobic cellular respiration, it is used by bacteria in yogurt and muscle tissue in mammals when tired
• glucolysis


  -occurs in cytoplasm, used in all living cells, anaerobic

  1. glucose activated by tap (2)
  2. glucose splits into two intermediate carbon molecules (pgal)
  3. pgal becomes 2 molecules of pyruvate which makes 4 tap and 2 nadh
  4. if oxygen is available then the pyruvate move to the Krebs cycle in mitochondria
  5. if no oxygen, then eukaryotic cells will move to fermentation
  6. -if no oxygen in prokaryote, cellular respiration would stop here
• Anaerobic respiration


  Occurs in the matrix of mitochondria
• Anaerobic respiration


  1. Pyruvate must move to mitochondria

  2. Pyruvate has to go through Krebs prep first

  3. Pyruvate must lose a carbon atom in form of carbon dioxide

  4. Remaining acetic acid will bring with coenzyme a to form acetyl co a (tow truck pulling acetic acid into Krebs)

  5. NAD+ is reduced to NADH
• Krebs cycle


  1. Acetyl co a binds to the 4 carbon compound

  2. Forms a 6c compound Called citric acid

  3. 6c becomes 5c (NADH formed, CO2 formed)

  4. 5c becomes 4c (NADH, CO2, ATP formed)

  5. 4c returns to starting 4 c molecule (FADH2 and NADH formed)
• aerobic respiration


  high energy electrons are passed along molecules in the inner membrane of the mitochondria through the electron transport system

  -series of oxidation reduction steps similar to photosynthesis

  -energy released during this process pumps h+ from the matrix to the inter membrane space creating a h+ concentration gradient

  the h+ will love back to the matrix through app synthase (chemiosmosis)

  -oxygen is the final electron acceptor which forms h20