Notting hill

    Cards (21)

    • Notting Hill is an area of West London
    • After the Second World War, many Caribbean people migrated to Notting Hill
    • The area was very run down and housing was a major problem
    • Why did Caribbean migrants settle in Notting Hill?
      Paddington station is very close to Notting Hill, and was the first London station at which the trains carrying Caribbean migrants stopped. Caribbean people gathered there to welcome the migrants and help them find accommodation. Many migrants already had friends or family in Notting Hill and wanted to live near them. The black community in Notting Hill grew larger.
    • Few landlords elsewhere in London would rent houses or rooms to Caribbean migrants because of the colour of their skin
    • Housing problems in Notting Hill
      • Caribbean migrants had to pay high rents for poor, squalid housing. Landlords charged Caribbean people higher rents than white people for the same type of accommodation, leading to overcrowding. Landlords made few repairs to their houses as to spend money would reduce their profits.
    • Atmospheric Pressure
      The air in the atmosphere exerts pressure on us all the time
    • Atmospheric Pressure
      • It's all around us all the time
      • It stretches to roughly 100 km above the Earth's surface
      • The sight of the air high in the atmosphere pushes down on the air around us, creating atmospheric pressure
      • It acts in all directions
      • We can't feel this pressure because it's equal in every direction
    • The higher you are

      The less atmosphere there is above you, so the lower the atmospheric pressure
    • Atmospheric pressure is over 100,000 Pa at sea level, but only around 33,000 Pa at the top of Mount Everest (18,800 m above sea level)
    • Atmospheric pressure variation with height
      • It's curved because atmospheric pressure is affected by the density of the atmosphere, which also varies with height
      • The density of the atmosphere gets higher the closer you are to sea level, because the weight of the air above pushes down on the air below, compressing it
    • Other factors like temperature also affect the density of the atmosphere, but you can assume the density is uniform at a given height
    • Liquid Pressure
      The pressure experienced by an object submerged (or partially submerged) in a liquid, due to the particles of the liquid
    • Liquid pressure
      Increases with depth, due to the weight of the 'column' of liquid directly above the object
    • Liquids can't be compressed (or not very much), so their density is the same everywhere (unlike gases)
    • Calculating pressure due to a column of liquid

      Pressure (Pa) = height of column (m) x density of liquid (kg/m³) x gravitational field strength (N/kg)
    • Difference in pressure between two depths
      Difference in pressure = difference in depth x density x gravitational field strength
    • Upthrust
      The overall upwards force on an object submerged in a liquid, caused by the pressure being greater at the bottom of the object than the top
    • The upthrust acting on an object is equal to the weight of fluid it has displaced
    • If the upthrust is equal to the object's weight, the object will float. If the upthrust is less than the object's weight, it will sink
    • To make an object float, you need to make it less dense than the liquid you're trying to float it on, so it will have displaced a volume of water with a weight equal to its own weight before it's completely submerged