Restoration

• what was the relationship between the crown and parliament like before the civil war?

  - charles I believed in Divine Right of Kings (thought he didn't have to listen to Parliament). He had the power to dissolve parliament whenever he wanted

  - many MPs thought charles was exercising too much power, particularly during the 11 Years' Tyranny
• When was the Civil War?

  1642-1649
• who fought in the civil war?

  royalists and parliamentarians
• who won the civil war, what were the consequences?

  the parliamentarians won

  charles was tried and executed

  those that put charles on trial and signed his death warrant were called regicides
• When was the Interregnum?

  1649-1660
• what was the interregnum?


  the period in England when there was no king, and were governed by parliament.

  Oliver Cromwell became leader and called himself Lord Protector
• Religion during the Interregnum

  as with most parliamentarians, cromwell was a puritan.

  some reforms: banning christmas, plainer clothes, more regular church attendance
• puritan


  protestants that believed in further reform of the CofE to purify it
• when did Oliver Cromwell die, what happened after?

  1657, handed leadership to his son Richard

  Richard couldn't keep the same control as his father and was overthrown by MPs
• when was Charles restored?

  he returned to england in May 1660

  he rode into London on 29 May and his coronation was in April 1661
• Anglican


  wanted an official english church with the king at its head
• presbyterian


  protestants who believe there should not be bishops in the church of england
• catholic


  the Christian religion that had the pope as the head of church.
• What were the key terms of the Declaration of Breda?

  - promise to listen to Parliament

  - promise of indemnity

  - toleration for peaceful religious beliefs

  - payment of the army's wages
• when was the DoB

  sent by Charles to Monck on 14 april 1660
• who did DoB appeal to?

  - army (wages paid)

  - parliament (promise to listen unlike Charles I)

  - people involved in the Civil War

  - religious people
• what was the promise of indemnity

  people will not be persecuted for the actions they took in the civil wars, except for those who took part in the execution of Charles I or who reisit the king's return
• Convention Parliament


  elected: April 1660

  dissolved after some important decisions
• who was in the convention parliament?

  evenly split between committed royalists and Parliamentarians who were unsure about the return of the king
• Cavalier Parliament


  elected: May 1660 (after Charles' restoration)

  many MPs had fought on charles' side during the Civil War
• what 3 parts can the Cavalier Parliament period be split into?


  the clarendon ministry, the Cabal ministry and the Danby Ministry.
• the Restoration Settlement: the army

  - would be disbanded other than a few members that would be controlled by the King

  - Hearth Tax to pay wages

  - DoB: army promised their wages paid
• the Restoration Settlement: act of indemnity and oblivion

  act of indemnity: protected anyone involved in the civil war from persecution, apart from the regicides

  only 33 of the regicides should be put on trial

  13 were eventually tried and executed
• the Restoration Settlement: religion


  no compromise over religion under cavalier parliament

  - no religious toleration in changes + clarendon code
• Clarendon Ministry: foreign policy

  - Second Anglo Dutch War, March 1665.

  - 1667: Dutch raid the Medway

  Clarendon became a scapegoat for the loss and was forced into exile.
• Clarendon Ministry: Religion


  - the Clarendon Code: a series of laws making it harder to follow any religion other than Anglicanism

  - made it clear that Anglicanism was the only acceptable form of Protestantism
• Charles II's response to the Clarendon Code

  - unhappy, because he wanted religious toleration (Declaration of Breda, attempted Declaration of Indulgence)

  - accepted the laws to avoid conflict with Parliament