Muscles

• Rectus Femoris?

  Morphology

  • Bipennate, spindle shaped

  Origin

  • AIIS
  • Ridge of acetabulum

  Action

  • Extends the knee
  • Flexes the hip
• Bicep Femoris?

  Morphology

  • long head and short head
  • Long head - fusiform, fibres run downwards and laterally
  • Short head - blends with the tendon

  Origin

  • Long Head - Ischial tuberosity
  • Short head - linea aspera

  Insertion

  • head of fibula

  Action

  • Extends the hip
  • Flexes the knee
• Semi-Tendinosus ?

  Morphology

  • Fusiform

  Origin

  • ischial tuberosity

  Insertion

  • upper part of the tibia

  Action

  • Extends the hip
  • Flexes the knee
• Semi-membranosus ?

  Morphology

  • fusiform

  Origin

  • ischial tuberosity

  Insertion

  • upper part of the tibia

  Action

  • Extends the hip
  • Flexes the knee
• ILIOPSOAS?

  Morphology

  • large thick muscle
  • fibres run downwards forwards and laterally

  Origin

  • T12-L5

  Insertion

  • lesser trochanter of the femur

  Action

  • Flexion of the hip
  • Flexion of the spine
• Gluteus Maximus?

  Morphology

  • Large quadrilateral muscle
  • Fibres in line with the pull of the muscle

  Origin

  • outer surface of the ilium
  • Gluteal line
  • Saccrum
  • coccyx

  Insertion

  • Gluteal tuberosity of femur
  • IT band

  Action

  • Extends the hip
  • Lateral rotation of the hip
• Gluteus Medius?

  Location

  • posterior hip

  Origin

  • gluteal surface of the ilium

  Insertion

  • greater trochanter

  Action

  • Thigh abduction
  • Medial rotation of the hip
• gluteus Minimus?

  Location

  • Posterior hip

  Origin

  • Gluteal surface of the ilium

  Insertion

  • Greater trochanter

  Action

  • Thigh abduction
  • Medial rotation of the hip
• Trapezius Morphology

  • Broad Flat Superficial Muscle

  Origin

  • Occipital bone
  • Nuchal ligament
  • Spinous process T1-T12

  Insertion

  • Acromion
  • Lateral third of the clavicle
  • Transverse processes T1-T12

  Action

  • Upper fibres -> elevates + upwardly rotate the scapula + extend the neck
  • Middle Fibres -> Retract the scapula
  • Lower fibres -> depress the scapula
• Erector Spinae Morphology ?

  • Broad, Flat muscles that taper as they extend upwards

  Origin

  • Sacrum
  • Iliac Crest
  • Spinous processess T11-T5

  Insertion

  • Ribs
  • Mastoid process
  • All transverse processess

  Action

  • Extention and side flexion of the back
• Multifidus Morphology?

  • Series of long narrow deep back muscles

  Origin

  • Sacrum
  • Erector spinae
  • All thoracic transverse processess
  • PSIS
  • Articular processess of lower 4 cervical vertebrae

  Insertion

  • Spines of all vertebrae from L5 to axis

  Action

  • Extension, Side flexion and rotation of the back
• Morphology of Serratus Anterior?

  • Fan shaped muscle

  Origin

  • Superior = Ribs 1-2, intercostal fascia
  • Middle = Ribs 3-6
  • Inferior = Ribs 7-9

  Insertion

  • anterior surface of the scapula

  Action

  • Rotates and rotates the scapula anteriorlaterally
  • Suspends the scapula on the thoracic wall
• Pec Major Morphology?

  • Thick Fan Shaped Muscle

  Origin

  • Anterior surface of the sternum
  • Anterior surface of the clavicle
  • First 7 costal cartilages

  Insertion

  • Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

  Action

  • Adducts the arm
  • Depress the arm
  • Forwardly rotates the arm
• Pec Minor Morphology?

  • Triangular in shape

  Origin

  • Anterior third of the 5th ribs

  Insertion

  • Coracoid process of the clavicle

  Action

  • Moves scapular anteriorly and inferiorly
  • Stabilises scapula on the thoracic wall
• Intercostals Morphology?

  • Intrinsic Rib Cage muscles
  • Occupy the 11 intercostals spaces

  Origin

  • External = Inferior boarder of one rib below
  • Internal = anterior costal groove
  • Innermost = Posterior costal groove

  Insertion

  • Superior boarder of the immediate rib below

  Action

  • Accessory Muscles
  • Support the rib cage
• Morphology of the Internal Obliques?

  • Broad sheet like muscles

  Origin

  • Inguinal ligament
  • Anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest
  • Lumbodorsal fascia

  Insertion

  • Linea alba
  • Inferior boarder of ribs 10-12

  Action

  • Side flexion
  • Rotation
• Morphology of the external oblique?

  • Broad sheet like muscle

  Origin

  • External surfaces of ribs 5-12

  Insertion

  • anterior half of the iliac crest

  Action

  • Side flexion
  • Rotation
• Morphology of the Rectus Abdominis?

  • 3/4 horizontal tendinous intersections that divide muscles into segments
  • Divded into two halves by the linea alba

  Origin

  • Pubic crest
  • Pubic Symphysis

  Insertion

  • Xiphoid process
  • Costal cartilages 5-7

  Action

  • Trunk Flexion
  • Expiratory accessory muscle
• Morphology of the quadratus lumborum?

  • Flat deep quadrangular back muscle

  Origin

  • Iliac crest

  Insertion

  • Transverse processess of the lumbar spine
  • Lowest part of the 12th rib

  Action

  • Extension
  • Lateral pelvic tilt
  • Inspiratory accessory muscle
• Morphology of the transverse abdominis?

  • Deepest of 6 abdominal muscles
  • Fibres run horizontally

  Origin

  • Costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
  • iliac crest
  • thoracolumbar fascia
  • Inguinal ligament

  Insertion

  • Pubic crest
  • Pubis

  Action

  • Trunk Rotation
  • Allows for increased pressures during inspiration
  • Protects internal organs
• Morphology of the lev scap?

  • Long slender muscle

  Origin

  • Transverse processess C1-C4

  Insertion

  • Medial boarder of the scapula

  Action

  • Elevates and medially rotates the scapula
  • Side flexes and extends the neck
• Rhomboids morphology?

  • Parallel bands that go inferiorlaterally from vertebrae to scapula

  Origin

  • Major = Transverse procesess T2-T5
  • Minor = Transverse processes C7-T1

  Insertion

  • Major = Medial boarder of the scapula
  • Minor = Spine of scapula

  Action

  • Retracts and medially rotates the scapula
• Morphology of the scalenes?

  • Group of 3 small, deep muscles

  Origin

  • Transverse processess of Atlas - C6

  Insertion

  • First and Second Rib

  Action

  • Side flexion, rotation + raises rib 1 and 2 during inspiration
• Morphology

  • Strap like muscle

  Origin of the longus colli ?

  • Occipital bone

  Insertion

  • Transverse Processess C3-C6

  Action

  • Flexion of the neck
• Insertion of the Quads?

  Tibial tuberosity via the patella tendon
• Morphology of the SCM?

  • Cylindrical strap like muscle

  Origin

  • Manubrium of the sternum
  • Clavicle

  Insertion

  • Mastoid process

  Action

  • Flexion and rotation of the neck