Industrial Unrest + Trade Unions]

• Illegal trade unions were set up and the number of trikes increased from 17,000 in 1894 to 90,000 in 1904.
• There were violent clashes between strikers and armed police including at the Obukhov factory in 1901.
• Zubatov, who was Moscow chief of the Okhrana, set up his own unions in 1900 that had support of the police and approval of the Governor General in an attempt to calm things down.

  
  

  This has been referred to as "police socialism".
• Zubatov's unions lasted until 1903 when he was sacked and exiled after one of his unions joined a general strike in Odessa.
• In 1904, Father Gapon set up a similar union in St Petersburg with the approval of Internal Affairs Minister Plehve and the Church.

  
  

  It soon had 8,000 members and would play a significant role in 1905.
• In July 1904, Plehve was assassinated and crowds in Warsaw celebrated in the streets.