Science Form 2

• Biodiversity


  The diversity of organisms, whether microorganisms, animals, or plants
• Biology


  Living things
• Diversity


  Many different types
• Malaysia is one of the 12 mega biodiversity countries in the world
• Reasons for biodiversity in Malaysia

  • Equatorial, tropical climate with rain throughout the year
  • Ideal conditions for many different types of animals and plants to live
• Factors that contribute to biodiversity

  • Habitat
  • Climate
• Animals in different habitats and climates

  • Camels in the desert
  • Polar bears and penguins in polar regions
  • Earthworms in wet soil
  • Fish in the sea
• Ways to preserve and conserve biodiversity

  • Ban killing and trade of endemic and endangered animals and plants
  • Protect habitats by creating national parks and forest reserves
  • Undertake reproductive programs like seedling nurseries and turtle hatcheries
  • Recycle materials to reduce deforestation
• Examples of endemic plants and animals in Malaysia include the Rafflesia flower, pitcher plant, Malayan tiger, leatherback turtle, and Borneo pygmy elephant
• Non-flowering plants


  Plants that do not produce flowers
• Flowering plants


  Plants that produce beautiful flowers
• Non-flowering plant groups


  • Moss
  • Fern
  • Conifer
• Flowering plant groups


  • Monocotyledon
  • Dicotyledon
• Non-vascular plants


  Simple, small plants without a vascular system
• Vascular plants


  Plants with a vascular system that transports water and food
• Moss


  • Reproduce by producing spores
  • Difficult to identify leaves, stems and roots
• Fern


  • Reproduce by producing spores
  • Easy to identify leaves, stems and roots
• Conifer


  • Reproduce by bearing cones
  • Vascular plants
• Flowers


  Become fruits containing seeds
• Cotyledon


  Part of a seed that stores food for germination
• Monocotyledon


  Plants with one cotyledon
• Monocotyledon plants


  • Leaves have parallel veins
  • Stems are non-woody
  • Roots are fibrous
• Monocotyledon plants


  • Paddy
  • Maize
• Dicotyledon


  Plants with two cotyledons
• Dicotyledon plants


  • Leaves have network-like veins
  • Stems are woody
  • Roots have a tap root
• Dicotyledon plants


  • Tomato
  • Durian
• Invertebrates


  1)With legs

  -Three pairs of legs (insects)

  Examples: Ant , Cockroach, Butterfly

  -More than three pairs of legs

  Examples: Horseshoe crab, Spider, Scorpion

  2)Without legs

  -Segmented body

  Example: Earthworm, tapeworm, leech

  -Without segmented body

  Example body: Sea anemone, planaria, coral
• Poikilotherm

  -Cold blooded

  -Body temperature changes according to its surrounding temperature
• Homeotherm

  -Warm blooded

  -Body temperature that is constant and free from the influence of its surrounding temperature
• Fish


  -Poikilothermic

  -Covered in hard and slimy scales

  -Have fins and tails

  -Breathe through gills

  -Lay eggs

  -Undergo external fertilisation

  Examples: Eel, Grouper, Clown fish
• Amphibians


  -Poikilothermic

  -Live on land and in water

  -Covered with moist skin

  -Young amphibians breather through gills

  -Adult amphibians breathe through their lungs and moist skin

  -Produce jelly-like eggs (spawn)without a shell

  -Undergo external fertilisation

  Examples: Frog, Toad, Salamander
• Reptiles


  -Poikilothermic

  -Produce eggs with a shell

  -Have hard scales and dry skin

  -Undergo internal fertilisation

  Example: Turtle, Snake, Iguana
• Birds


  -Homeothermic

  -Covered with feathers to maintain body temperature

  -Breathe through lungs

  -Have wings to help some birds fly

  -Have scaly feet

  -Undergo internal fertilissation

  -Produce eggs with a hard shell

  Examples: Kingfisher, Owl, Duck
• Mammals


  -Homeothermic

  -Covered with fur or hair

  -Breathe through lungs

  -Undergo internal fertilisation

  -Give birth and nurse their young

  Examples: Giraffe, Bat, Elephant
• Importance of biodiversity

  -Food source

  -Balance in nature

  -Medical field

  -Recreational places

  -Education

  -Raw materials for industries