CPU

• 3 main parts of the CPU

  • ALU
  • CU
  • Cache
• 5 registers


  • Accumulator
  • MAR
  • MDR
  • Program Counter
  • Current instruction register
• 2 features of Von Neumann architecture

  • Data and instructions are both stored as binary digits
  • Data and instructions are both stored in primary storage
• Registers


  Super fast memory but temporary
• Control Unit


  It fetches, decodes and executes instructions
• ALU


  It performed arithmetic and logic operations
• Cache


  Frequently used instructions
• Program counter


  Holds the address of the next instruction
• Current instruction register


  The instruction currently being decoded
• Accumulator


  The results of the processing from the ALU
• MAR


  Holds the address of the current instruction that is to be fetched from memory
• MDR


  Holds the contents found at the address held in the MAR
• Buses in the CPU

  A bus is a high-speed internal connection to send data around the cpu
• 3 buses


  • Address
  • Data
  • Control
• Advantages of an embedded system

  • Cheaper
  • Uses Less power
  • More durable
• The control unit of a CPU is responsible for fetching instructions, decoding them, and executing them.
• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is the part of the CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations.
• The ALU performs arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and comparison.
• The cache is a small amount of high-speed memory that stores frequently accessed data to reduce access time.
• The control unit coordinates the activities of all other components within the processor.
• Registers are small, fast storage locations within the CPU used to hold data temporarily during processing.
• The clock cycle determines how fast the processor can execute instructions.
• The registers are used to store temporary values during program execution.