Biology

• Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other organelles
• Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and organelles and are enclosed by a plasma membrane
• Eukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus containing the cells genetic material while prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus and have a free floating genetic material instead
• Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells
• Petidolycan protects the cell from bursting due to the tugor or and maintains cell shape
• Both plant and animal cells contain mitochondria and cytoplasm
• Plasmids are small circular loops or dna found free in cytoplasm and separate from the main dna
• mitochondria is where aerobic respiration occurs, providing energy for the cell
• cytoplasm a liquid substance in which chemical reactions occur
• Cytoplasm also contain enzymes (biological catalyst) proteins that speed up the rate of reactions
• Prokaryotic (bacteria)
• Eukaryotic (plant and animal)
• Mitosis is important for growth, repair and asexual reproduction
• Interphase - the cell spends most time here
• Interphase

  • The cell becomes larger
  • DNA is replicated/ copied
  • More ribosomes and mitochondria are made
• Mitosis

  • Chromosomes are separated
  • Chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of cell
  • The nucleus divides in two
• Cytokinesis

  • Cell membrane and cytoplasm divide
  • Two daughter cells are produced
• Chromosomes a tightly coiled strand of DNA packaged up with proteins
• Gene a section of DNA which codes for a protein
• Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total) and they are found in the nucleus of cells
• Mitosis produces 2 genetically identical diploid (full set of chromosomes) daughter cells
• Bigger lenses (better magnification)