Organic chem - chem

    Cards (23)

    • Alkenes
      Hydrocarbons which have a C=C double bond
    • Alkenes
      • More reactive than alkanes as the double bond is open to make a single bond, allowing 2 carbon atoms to bond with other atoms
    • Alkenes burn with a smoky flame
    • Burning alkenes in large amounts of oxygen
      Alkenes combust completely
    • Incomplete combustion of alkenes
      Alkene + oxygen → carbon monoxide + carbon dioxide + water (energy)
    • Incomplete combustion of alkenes leads to a poisonous, smoky yellow flame and less energy produced
    • Hydrocarbons
      Compounds that only contain hydrogen and carbon atoms
    • Types of hydrocarbons
      • Alkanes (all C-C single bonds)
      • Alkenes (C=C double bond)
    • Alkanes
      Each carbon atom forms 4 single bonds (saturated)
    • Organic compounds react in similar ways (homologous)
    • Hydrocarbon properties
      • Short chains: less viscous (runny), more volatile (lower boiling point), burns with cleaner flame
      Long chains: more viscous (hard), less volatile (higher boiling point), less flammable, burn with a smokier flame
    • Complete combustion of hydrocarbons
      Hydrocarbon + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (energy)
    • Relative formula mass (Mr)

      The sum of the relative atomic masses of the atoms in a compound
    • 1 mole of a substance has a mass in grams equal to its relative formula mass
    • Avogadro's constant is 6.02x10^23 particles per mole
    • Reacting mass calculations
      Find ratio of moles using balanced equation
      1. Calculate moles using mass/Mr
      2. Calculate moles for all substances using ratio
      3. Find mass using mass = moles x Mr
    • Crude oil
      Made from the remains of plants/animals that died and were buried millions of years ago
    • Refining crude oil
      Crude oil heated in a furnace
      1. Vapours enter fractionating column
      2. Longer hydrocarbons condense at lower levels
      3. Shorter hydrocarbons condense at higher levels
      4. Each fraction has similar number of carbon atoms and properties
    • Crude oil is a non-renewable resource (finite)
    • Cracking
      Splitting long-chain hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones by heating
    • steam cracking

      Vaporised hydrocarbons mixed with steam, heated will crack
    • Products of cracking are used as fuels
    • catalytic cracking

      vaporise hydrocarbons and pass over hot powdered oxide aluminium and it will crack on the surface
    See similar decks