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Organic chem - chem
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Cards (23)
Alkenes
Hydrocarbons
which have a
C=C double
bond
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Alkenes
More
reactive
than alkanes as the double bond is open to make a single bond, allowing 2 carbon atoms to
bond
with other atoms
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Alkenes
burn with a
smoky flame
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Burning alkenes in large amounts of
oxygen
Alkenes combust
completely
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Incomplete combustion of alkenes
Alkene +
oxygen
→ carbon monoxide + carbon dioxide +
water
(energy)
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Incomplete combustion of alkenes leads to a poisonous,
smoky yellow
flame and
less
energy produced
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Hydrocarbons
Compounds that only contain
hydrogen
and
carbon
atoms
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Types of hydrocarbons
Alkanes
(all C-C single bonds)
Alkenes
(C=C double bond)
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Alkanes
Each carbon atom forms
4
single bonds (
saturated
)
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Organic compounds react in
similar
ways (
homologous
)
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Hydrocarbon properties
Short
chains:
less
viscous (runny), more volatile (
lower
boiling point), burns with cleaner flame
Long chains:
more
viscous (hard), less
volatile
(higher boiling point), less flammable, burn with a smokier flame
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Complete combustion of hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon +
oxygen
→ carbon dioxide +
water
(energy)
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Relative formula mass
(
Mr
)
The sum of the
relative atomic masses
of the atoms in a
compound
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1
mole
of a substance has a mass in
grams
equal to its relative formula mass
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Avogadro's constant is
6.02x10^23
particles per mole
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Reacting mass calculations
Find ratio of
moles
using
balanced
equation
Calculate
moles
using
mass
/Mr
Calculate
moles
for all
substances
using ratio
Find
mass
using mass =
moles
x Mr
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Crude oil
Made from the remains of plants/animals that
died
and were buried
millions
of years ago
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Refining crude oil
Crude oil
heated
in a
furnace
Vapours
enter
fractionating
column
Longer
hydrocarbons condense at
lower
levels
Shorter
hydrocarbons condense at
higher
levels
Each fraction has
similar
number of carbon atoms and
properties
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Crude oil is a
non-renewable
resource (
finite
)
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Cracking
Splitting
long-chain
hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones by
heating
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steam
cracking
Vaporised
hydrocarbons
mixed
with
steam,
heated will
crack
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Products of cracking are used as
fuels
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catalytic
cracking
vaporise hydrocarbons and pass over hot powdered oxide
aluminium
and it will crack on the
surface
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