kidneys (triple)

• Ways water can leave the human body

  1. Lungs (exhaling)

  2. Skin (sweating)

  3. Kidneys (urination)
• Sweating


  • Part of the body's temperature control system
  • Body cannot control how much water, ions, or urea is lost
• Homeostasis


  The body's system to maintain water balance
• How kidneys remove waste and adjust water/ion levels

  1. Blood enters kidney

  2. Filtration of small molecules (urea, ions, water)

  3. Selective reabsorption of glucose, some ions, some water

  4. Urea, excess ions, excess water excreted as urine

  5. Blood leaves kidney with adjusted concentrations
• Concentration of glucose in blood does not change after passing through kidneys
• Concentration of ions in blood decreases after passing through kidneys
• Concentration of urea in blood falls to virtually zero after passing through kidneys
• Deamination


  Process where liver breaks down excess amino acids and produces ammonia
• How body deals with excess ammonia

  1. Liver converts ammonia to urea

  2. Urea can be safely excreted by kidneys