intermediate hosts

• Schistoma japonicum

  IH: Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi
• Schistosoma mansoni

  Biomphalaria
• Schistosoma haematobium

  Bulinus
• Paragonimus westermani

  1st IH: Antamelania asperata

  Antamelania dactylus

  2nd IH: Sundathelphusa philippina
• Fasciolopsis buski

  1st: Sigmentina and Hippeutis

  2nd: Trapa bicornis

  Water chestnut

  Ipomea aquatica (water morning glory)

  Ipomea obscura (kangkong)

  Nymphaea lotus
• Echinostoma ilocanum

  1st IH: Gyraulus convexiusculus, Hippeutis umbilicalis

  
  

  2nd: kuhol, susong pampang
• Heterophyid worms

  1st: brackish water/marine spp. snails

  • Malania juncea: Heterophyid taichui
  • Pironella: Heterophyid heterophyes
  • Semisulcospira: Metagonimus yokohawai
  • Thialria riquetti: Procerovum calderoni

  2nd: tilapia

  • Mugil cephalus (mullet for H. heterophyes)
• Fasciola spp.

  Lymnaea philippinensis

  L. auricularia rubiginosa
• Chlonchoris sinensis

  1st IH

  • Parafossarulus
  • Bulinus
  • Semisulcospira
  • Alocinma
  • Thiara
  • Melanoids
• Opisthorchis spp.

  1st IH: Bithynia
• Chlonchoris and Opisthorchis

  2nd IH: Cyprinoid freshwater fish
• Dicrocoelium dendriticum

  1st IH: Cionella lubrica

  2nd IH: Formica fusca
• Eurytrema pancreaticum

  1st IH: Macrochlamys indica

  2nd IH: Technomyrmex deterquens