microbioma 2

• El microbioma vegetal explorado (II)
• Microbiomas vegetales


  Su conocimiento en beneficio a la agricultura sostenible
• Contenidos


  • SOIL + HEALTH
  • MICROBIOME
  • DOMESTICATION
  • CHALLENGES
  • SUSTAINABILITY
• "BackToRoots" – Search for "missing" plant microbes
• Native tomato microbiome


  • Search |"missing" beneficial microbes| Native soils
  • Assembly of the rhizosphere microbiome of native tomatoes in their natural habitats in the Ecuadorian Andes
  • What microbial genera and unique microbial traits are present in the native tomato rhizosphere in their natural habitats in the Ecuadorian Andes

  
• Normal strategy


  Reverse strategy
• Exploring the rhizosphere microbiome of native tomato in its center of origin

  
• Field work – Center of origin

  1. Loja | Ecuador | 2019

  2. Calvas

  3. Paltas

  4. Zapotillo
• Sampling sites are different between each other
• Bacterial communities are less diverse and more similar in the rhizosphere compared to the bulk soil
• Fungal Communities are different between soil type and sampling sites
• Significantly abundant microbial taxa in wild tomato rhizosphere


  • Bacteria: Enterobacterales, Sphingobium, Rhizobium, Lactococcus, Lechevaleria, Actinoplanes, Streptomyces
  • Fungi: Fusarium, Acrocalymma, Aspergillus, Papiliotrema, Agaricus, Arachnion

  
• Soil type is the main contributor to the rhizosphere microbiome assembly
• Wild tomatoes recruited more diverse bacteria in the rhizosphere
• Wild tomato relies on the soil microbiome to tolerate Prodiplosis longifila attack


  Domesticated tomato does not rely on the soil microbiome

  
• Significantly abundant microbial taxa in LIVE soil (reduced in sterile soil)


  • Actinoplanes, Geodermatophilus, Leptolyngbya, Microcoleus, Herpetosiphon, Bryobacter, Ramlibacter, Sphingomonas, Bacillus, Ammoniphilus
• Tomato genotype exerts a high selection pressure, indicating a selection mechanism in the assembly of the native tomato rhizosphere in their natural native soils

  
• In spite different soils with different microbiome composition, wild tomatoes recruit similar microbiomes in their Andes natural habitat

  
• Under controlled greenhouse conditions, soil type drives the microbiome assembly
• Wild tomatoes rely on the soil microbiome to tolerate Prodiplosis longifila attack

  
• Plant microbiomes


  • Should be seen as important components of natural ecosystems
  • Have played an important role in the evolution of plants
  • Help plants in many different ways, and plants highly depend on these functions, for instance by supplying nutrients, or helping defending plants against pathogens
• Once we neglected the role of the living soil, our crops became very sensitive to environmental changes and started depending on anthropogenic protection, as can be observed in today's agriculture
• Their knowledge should be beneficial to sustainable agriculture
• We hope to find (native) soils that naturally enhance the development and health of tomatoes (disease suppressive soils), and we hope to identify the microorganisms responsible for these beneficial effects

  
• Acknowledgements


  • USFQ – Instituto Microbiología
  • USFQ – Politécnico
  • ESPE - IASA
  • Universidad Nacional de Loja
  • GSC - Galapagos Science Center
  • NIOO-KNAW (Países Bajos)
  • SYNGENTA (Suiza)
  • Ministerio del Ambiente , Agua, y TE
  • Parque Nacional Galápagos