UCSP Reviewer

• Anthropology


  Studies humankind in all times and places
• Archaeology


  • Field of anthropology that studies past human cultures through their material remains
• Cultural Anthropology


  • Studies living people and their cultures including variation and change
• Linguistic Anthropology


  • Studies communication, mainly (but not exclusively) among humans
• Human Ecology


  • Branch of sociology that studies the effects of various social organizations on the population's behavior
• Political evolution


  Social processes that involve efforts to create control over a subsystem of any socially organized as well as the process of exercising control
• Social Psychology


  • Studies human nature and its emphasis on social processes as they affect individual or responses which are called "social stimuli"
• State


  A community of persons more or less numerous permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of their own to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience and enjoying freedom from external control
• Nation


  An ethnic concept which means that people are bound together by common ethnical elements such as race, language, and culture
• Anthropological Functionalism


  • Cultural elements and practices are interrelated and interdependent and persist because they have a purpose
• Cultural Diffusionism


  • Culture originates from one or more culture centers
• Symbolic Interactionism


  • Sociological perspective that deals with patterns of behavior in large units of society
• Cultural Evolution


  The process of social development from an early simple type of social organization to one that is complex and highly specialized
• Biological Evolution


  • Field of anthropology that seeks to describe the distribution of hereditary variations among contemporary populations
• Unilineal Evolutionism


  New cultural forms emerge from the past that pass through similar stages of development. Human societies evolved through a series of stages – savagery, barbarianism, and civilization
• Cultural Materialism


  • Culture is influenced by technology, resources, economic values, and the utilization of things
• Social Control


  The set of means to ensure that people generally behave in expected and approved ways
• Rebellion


  A form of deviance that attempts to change the goal and means of society
• Out-group


  A group that is often perceived as odd and indifferent
• Deviance


  A recognized violation of cultural norms
• Conformity


  The act of exhibiting the same behavior as most other people in society
• Task group


  A pool of workers, labor force, or performers following a chain of command to complete an assigned duty
• Bureaucracy


  Can cause social organization or disorganization
• Conflict Perspective


  • Sees the social environment in a continuous struggle, in contrast with Functionalism
• Innovation


  rejecting the use of socially accepted means to  achieve success 

  Examples: theft, burglary, embezzlement, etc.
• Ritualism


  rejecting the importance of success goals but  continue to toil as conscientious and diligent workers 
• Retreatism


  Withdrawal from the society and does not care  about success

  Examples: alcoholics, drug addicts, gambler 
• Rebellion


  Attempts to change the goals and means of  society 

  Examples: terrorists, leftist, guerrillas