science

• →What is an element?


  It is made up of 1 sort of atom
• What is a compound?

  It is made up of 2 or more sorts of atoms bonded together
• How is the modern Periodic Table arranged?

  In order of increasing atomic number
• What is the name for Group 1 elements?

  The Alkali metals
• What is the name of Group 7 elements?

  The Halogens
• What is the name of Group 0 elements?

  The Noble gases
• What is a Group in the Periodic Table?


  A vertical column of elements
• What is a Period in the Periodic Table?

  A row of elements
• What is the atomic number?

  The number of protons in an element
• What is the mass number?

  The number of protons and neutrons in an atom
• What mass and charge has a proton got?

  A mass of 1 and a charge of +1
• What mass and charge has an electron got?

  A mass of 0 and a charge of -1
• What mass and charge has a neutron got?

  A mass of 1 and a charge of 0
• Where are the electrons in an atom

  In the shells
• Where are the protons and neutrons in an atom?

  In the nucleus of the atom
• Why doesn't an atom have a charge?

  Because it has the same number of protons and electrons. Protons have a charge of +1 and electrons have a charge of -1
• What is an isotope

  Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
• How many electrons are on the outside shell of Group 1 elements?

  1
• How many electrons can go on the first shell of an atom?

  2
• How many electrons can go on the second shell of an atom?

  8
• How many electrons can go on the third shell of an atom?

  8
• Why are noble gases unreactive?

  They have full shells of electrons
• What charge do metal ions have

  Positive
• What is an ion?


  A charged atom
• What charge do non metal ions have

  negative (except hydrogen)
• How does a sodium atom make an ion

  It loses an electron to make a Na+ ion
• How does a chlorine atom make an ion

  It gains 1 electron to make a Cl- ion
• What is an ionic compound?

  It is made up of a metal and non-metal
• What is an ionic bond?


  It is a force of attraction between a positive and negative ion
• What type of structure do ionic compounds make?

  Giant lattices
• What sort of elements join together by covalent bonding?

  Non-metals
• Describe the movement and arrangement of particles in a solid

  Particles vibrate about fixed positions and particles are packed closely together in a regular pattern
• Describe the movement and arrangement of particles in a gas

  Particles move randomly and are far apart
• Describe the movement and arrangement of particles in a liquid

  Particles move past each other and are close together arranged randomly
• How do you measure the density of a regular solid?

  Measure the mass on a top pan balance. Measure the length, width and depth with a ruler and calculate the volume. The density = mass/volume
• How do you measure the density of an irregular object?

  Measure the mass on a top pan balance. Fill a Eureka can with water so the water is level with the spout. Place the object in the water and collect the displaced water in a measuring cylinder. Measure the volume of water collected. Density = mass/volume
• What is meant by specific latent heat of vaporisation?

  The amount of energy needed to change the state of 1 kilogram of a liquid into a gas
• What are 3 differences between a plant and animal cell?

  A plant cell has a cell wall, vacuole and chloroplasts, an animal cell doesn't have these
• What are differences between a bacteria cell and a plant cell?

  A bacteria cell has plasmids, it has no nucleus, it is much smaller and its cell wall is not made from cellulose
• What is osmosis?


  This is where water molecules move from a high concentration of water to a low concentration of water through a semipermeable membrane