The Human Gas Exchange System and Ventilation

• What does the human gas exchange system consist of?

  1. Trachea
  2. Lungs
  3. Two Bronchi
  4. Bronchioles
  5. alveoli

  
• What surronds the Trachea?

  rings of cartilage
• What is the purpose of rings of cartilage and where can it be found?

  in the trachea: ensures it stays open
• what is the inside of the trachea lined with?

  ciliated epithelium + goblet cells
• what is the purpose of goblet cells and where is it found?

  inside the trachea with ciliated epithelium.

  purpose: secret mucus and trap pathogens
• what is the purpose of ciliated epithelium?

  moves mucus away from the lungs
• what are the bronchioles and bronchi made up of?

  smooth muscle
• what is the purpose of smooth muscle and where can it be found?

  makes up the bronchioles and bronchi.

  controls are flow by dilating and constricting.
• where are elastic fibres found?

  bronchioles, bronchi and alveoli
• what is the purpose of the elastic fibres and where is it found?

  found in the bronchioles, bronchi and alveoli

  it enables lungs to stretch and recoil
• Inspiration:

  DIAPHRAGM:

  • contracts

  EXTERNAL:

  • intercostal muscles contract

  THORAX

  • volume increases
  • pressure decreases

  --> air forced into lungs
• Expiration:

  DIAPHRAGM:

  • relaxes

  INTERNAL:

  • intercostal muscles contract

  THORAX

  • volume decreases
  • pressure increases

  --> air forced out lungs