Respiration

• What is Respiration 


  Process which chemical energy in glucose is released so it can be used by cells
• What is the energy produced by respiration used for?

  Generate ATP
• What cellular activities use the energy transferred by ATP?

  • Cell division
  • muscle cell contraction
  • protein synthesis
  • transmission of nerve impulses
• What is Fermentation

  The breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen
• What is stage 1 of respiration + where is it

  Glycolysis - in the cytoplasm
• What is stage 2 of respiration + where is it

  Aerobic respiration- In the mitochondria
• Aerobic meaning

  Breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen
• What does the cell require if lots of energy is required

  Greater numbers of mitochondria
• What is the yield of ATP from stage 1 of respiration?

  2 ATP
• What is the yield of ATP from Fermentation?

  2 ATP
• What is the yield of ATP from stage 2 of respiration?

  lots ( a large number)
• Aerobic Respiration word equation

  Glucose + Oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + energy
• Fermentation in animal cells

  Glucose —> Lactate + energy

  (reversible)
• Fermentation in plant/yeast cells

  Glucose —> carbon dioxide + ethanol + energy

  (not reversible)
• How much pyruvate is one glucose broken down into?

  2 pyruvate
• Where does all fermentation occur?


  The cytoplasm
• What does active transport move through the cell membrane?

  Ions

  Na + K