chemical changes

• sulphuric acid = H2SO4
• hydrochloric acid = HCL
• nitric acid = HNO3
• acid reacting with metal

  acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen
• acid reacting with metal hydroxide

  acid + metal hydroxide -> salt + water
• acid reacting with metal oxide 


  acid + metal oxide -> salt + water
• acid reacting with a metal carbonate

  acid + metal carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide
• neutralisation reactions

  • when an acid reacts with an alkali or base this is known as neutralisation
  • acid + alkali -> salt + water
• how to get pure crystals?


  find exact volume for neutralisation, rerun practical but don't add indicator. put solution in an evaporation basin and heat to crystallise.