The Atom - CGP

• What are atoms the basis of?

  Chemistry
• Why are atoms considered super important?

  They are fundamental to all elements and compounds
• What are the three types of particles that make up an atom?

  • Protons
  • Neutrons
  • Electrons
• Where are electrons located in an atom?

  They orbit around the nucleus in orbitals
• What is the relationship between the nucleus and the mass of an atom?

  Most mass is concentrated in the nucleus
• What is the charge of an electron?

  -1
• What is the relative mass of a proton?

  1
• What is the relative charge of a neutron?

  0
• How is the mass number defined?

  Total number of protons and neutrons
• What does the atomic number represent?

  Number of protons in the nucleus
• What does the nuclear symbol indicate?

  Mass number and atomic number of an element
• How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

  Mass number minus atomic number
• What is the relationship between protons and electrons in neutral atoms?

  • Number of protons equals number of electrons
  • No overall charge in neutral atoms
• How many protons does Bromine (Br) have?

  35
• What happens to an atom when it forms an ion?

  It gains or loses electrons
• What is the charge of a negative ion?

  More electrons than protons
• How many electrons does Br- have?

  36 electrons
• What does the 2+ charge in Mg2+ indicate?

  Two fewer electrons than protons
• How many neutrons does Chlorine-35 have?

  18 neutrons
• What is the atomic number of Chlorine?

  17
• What are isotopes?

  • Atoms with the same number of protons
  • Different numbers of neutrons
• What determines the chemical properties of an element?

  Number and arrangement of electrons
• How do isotopes affect the physical properties of an element?

  They have slightly different physical properties
• Why do isotopes have different rates of diffusion?

  Due to differences in mass of the atom