ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND PERIODIC TABLE

• Atom


  the smallest particle of an element that can be divided and still retain the properties of the element

  
• Atomic Number


  the number of protons in the nucleus which gives the identity of the element

  
• Electron


  negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom

  
• Element


  a pure substance made of one kind of atom
• Neutron


  the particle with no charge; located in the nucleus; changes for isotopes

  
• Nucleus


  Dense core of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons

  
• Periodic Table of Elements

  a chart where all the elements are organized into periods and groups according to their properties

  
• Proton


  positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom

  
• Subatomic particles of an atom

  proton (nucleus)

  neutron (nucleus)

  electron (orbits nucleus)

  
• What is the charge of the nucleus?

  positive
• Where is the majority of mass located in an atom?

  the nucleus
• What gives an atom it's mass?

  protons and neutrons
• What is the outermost layer of atoms called?

  valence electrons
• How do you calculate neutrons?

  subtract atomic number from atomic mass

  (atomic mass - atomic number)
• subatomic particles


  protons, neutrons, electrons are the particles that make up an atom
• What is the charge of an electron ?

  negative
• group or family or column

  vertical column of periodic table; identifies valence electrons for main body elements
• period


  horizontal row of periodic table; identifies the electron shells of their atoms
• first energy level


  holds 2 electrons maximum
• second energy level


  holds 8 electrons maximum
• atomic number


  the number of protons or electrons
• mass number


  the sum of the number of neutrons and protons
• What separates metals from nonmetals on the periodic table?

  Metalloids (stair-step line)
• The periodic table is arranged by increasing _____________.

  atomic number
• Metals


  good conductors, malleable, have luster
• Nonmetals


  poor conductors, brittle, often gases at room temperature
• Noble Gases


  Group 18 - Don't react because they have a full valence energy level
• Alkali Metals


  Group 1 - most reactive element group
• Which type of element is found left of the stair-step line on the periodic table?

  metals
• Model of the atoms that shows all protons, neutrons, and electrons in their energy levels


  Bohr Model
• Elements in the same _______ share the same physical and chemical properties

  Group
• 3 Classifications of the Periodic Table

  Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
• Structure of an atom

  nucleus made up of protons and neutrons; the electrons make up the surrounding area

  
• Determine the number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons in Nitrogen

  P- 7, N- 7, E-7
• element


  substance that CANNOT be chemically broken down into simpler substances

  
• atom


  smallest part of an element that can be identified as that element

  
• nucleus


  center, or core, of an atom (where the protons and neutrons are located)

  
• proton


  particle that has a positive charge - located in the nucleus of an atom. You can figure out the number of protons by looking at the atomic number of an element.

  
• neutron


  particle that has no charge - located in the nucleus of an atom. You can figure out the number of neutrons by SUBTRACTING the atomic Mass minus the atomic number.

  
• electron


  particle that has a negative charge - located in rings outside the nucleus of an atom. You can figure out the number of electrons by looking at the atomic number of an element.