cognitive approach

• cognitive approach assumptions

  -the mind works in a way similar to a computer (inputting, processing, storing + retrieving)

  -it focuses on how humans process info, how we treat info + how this leads to a response
• theoretical models


  simplified representations based on research/theories

  -usually diagrams with boxes and arrows to indicate cause and effect or stages of mental processes

  -each step can be tested and examined seperately
• computer models


  (human mind works like a computer)

  -info is inputted through the senses

  -encoded in the memory

  -combined with previously stored info to complete the task
• the role of schema

  packets of knowledge that we accumulate over time to help us in a situation

  -develop with experience and age

  -act as cognitive shortcuts

  :( can lead to assumptions/stereotypes
• emergence of cognitive neuroscience


  because of the advancements in technology, cognitive theories can be verified

  e.g. FMRI scans to show which parts of the brain are active during processes
• FMRI?

  functional magnetic resonance imaging
• AO3 - irl application + contributions

  -lead to the understanding and treatments of psychological disorders

  e.g. CBT to treat depression/anxiety etc
• AO3 - scientific approach - lab experiments

  -highly controlled = cause and effect

  -easy to test = reliability

  e.g. loftus and palmer controlled the input (video, same questions), measured the output (estimates of speed) and made inferences about the processing of info that happened inbetween

  :( ecological validity = not generalisable
• AO3 - validity

  weakness:

  can only infer what a person is thinking, cant directly observe/measure a persons thoughts

  strength:

  nowadays brain scanning techniques can record the active parts of the brain more accurately = more detailed descriptions of how cognitive processes actually work
• AO3 - ignores other factors

  -social and emotional factors can affect cognition

  • the reliance on computer analogy leads to a restricted and mechanistic description of experiences/behaviour