Modern 1900-present

• Modern (C1900-Present)


  • How a person's living conditions and their lifestyle also affected their health
• Causes of poor lifestyles

  • Lack of exercise
  • Obesity
  • Unprotected sex
  • Alcohol
  • Tanning
  • Drug taking
  • Poverty
  • Poor diet
  • Stress
  • Smoking
• Lack of exercise


  Heart disease, diabetes
• Unprotected sex


  HIV
• Alcohol


  Liver/kidney problems
• Tanning


  Skin cancers
• Drug taking


  Blood conditions, HIV
• Poverty


  Cause poor health and increased risk of disease
• Poor diet


  Diabetes
• Stress


  High blood pressure, heart problems
• Smoking


  Lung cancer, asthma (second-hand smoke)
• Became fashionable after the 1920s
• Children are educated about their future lifestyle and how it may affect health
• Charities help those living in poverty
• Pasteur


  Discovered that bacteria did not cause all diseases
• Koch


  Discovered that some diseases were hereditary (passed from parent)
• Simpson


  Discovered genetics
• Nightingale


  Discovered genetics
• Discovery of Genetics


  1. 1900-scientists believed genes came in pairs (one from mother, one from father)

  2. 1963 Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Watkins photographed DNA with X-ray technology and shared their work

  3. 1953- James Watson and Francis Crick discovered that DNA was shaped like a double helix

  4. 1986 The Human Genome Project - Thousands of scientists from 18 countries worked to map the human genome for 10 years
• Genome


  The complete set of genes in a living creature
• What contributed to the Discovery?

  • Microscope technology
  • X-ray technology
  • Modern communication methods
  • Government investment
• Development of Penicillin


  1. 1928 Fleming left germs on plates while on holiday, discovered mould had grown and killed the germs near it

  2. Fleming experimented and made a list of germs it killed, discovered it killed bacteria without harming human cells

  3. 1929 Fleming hadn't tested it on animals, it also took a long time to produce so he gave up on it

  4. 1938 Florey and Chain decided to continue Fleming's work, approached the US government for funding

  5. 1940 Success was made when injecting it in mice but humans needed 3000 times more, big drug companies couldn't afford to produce that amount so Florey and Chain grew their own for a very long time

  6. 1941 They tested it on one human but ran out after 5 days

  7. 1944 Extra funding was provided by the US and mass production began, by D-day (June) 100,000 million units were produced per month, enough for all wounded
• Magic Bullet


  The bullet describes how it would destroy the germs it was aiming for, the magic describes how it would leave the rest of the body unharmed
• Magic Bullet 1


  • Salvarsan 606 - A scientist found that compound number 606 cured syphilis, however in being injected it killed patients when the dose was incorrect
• Magic Bullet 2


  • Prontosil - It was a red dye and was effective against blood poisons by preventing the bacteria multiplying and allowing the body to then fight the bacteria
• One major problem was the high cost of medical treatment
• The government was shocked during the Boer War (1899-1902) because of volunteers were rejected because of ill health
• Government Changes


  1911 The National Insurance Act - Workers who fell ill was paid a sickness fund, they received a weekly wage for up to 26 weeks, this didn't help families, unemployed or elderly
• These changes meant more people could get access to medical care
• Treatments 1900- Now


  • Magic bullets
  • Antibiotics
  • More access to care
  • Greater technology
  • Medical & surgical methods
  • New customisable drugs
  • Transplants
• Magic bullets


  • Salvarsan 606
  • Prontosil
• Antibiotics


  • More effective
• More access to care

  • Greater technology
• Medical & surgical methods


  • More effective
• New customisable drugs


  • Will replace the current generic drugs given to millions of different people regardless of their makeup
• Transplants


  • First kidney transplant in 1954
  • First liver transplant in 1963
  • First heart transplant performed in South Africa
• 1. ray technology


  • More apparent in WWI, used to locate bullets and shrapnel lodged deep in wounded men
  • Improved care of pregnant women by monitoring babies in the womb
• Plastic Surgery


  • WWI & WWII led to huge improvements, 11,000 plastic surgery operations in WWI
• Improved Anaesthetics


  • Injectable anaesthetic in the 1930's that enabled a measured dose to go into the bloodstream with greater safety
• Heart Pacemaker


  • Regulates the beating of the heart and keeps it working when defective, being implanted under the skin