programming techniques

• what operator do you use to assign a value to a variable?

  =
• how are variables made global?

  declared with the keyword global (global userid = 123)
• are variables declared inside a function/procedure local or global?

  local to the subroutine
• casting?


  assigning a data type to a variable
• outputting to screen?


  print(string)
• taking user input?


  variable=input(prompt)
• what are the two types of iteration?

  condition controlled and count controlled
• what is a count controlled loop?

  loops based on a predetermined value
• writing a count controlled loop in ps?

  FOR i=0 TO value, print(whatever), next i, end for
• what is a condition controlled loop?

  loops until a set condition is met
• writing a condition controlled loop in ps?

  WHILE condition, whatever the program function is, end while
• alternative way to write condition controlled loops?

  DO UNTIL function, e.g DO, function of program, UNTIL condition
• different condition types?


  ==, !=, < >, <= >=
• when can multiple conditions be included?


  when boolean operators are used
• arithmetic operators? 


  +, -, *, /, MOD, DIV, ^
• what does MOD and DIV do?

  MOD = modulus, DIV = quotient
• how do we use more specific mathematical operators?

  by using Math. then your specific function
• what are the different type of selection functions?

  IF statements and Switch/Case
• switch/case syntax? 


  SWITCH variable, CASE case variable, function, DEFAULT: end switch
• what does DEFAULT do in switch case?

  it specifies the code to run if no case matches
• returning the length of a string?


  intLength = stringname.length
• getting a substring?


  partial = stringname.substring(startPosition, numberOfChars)
• how to get specific characters in a string?

  addressing individual characters like they are in an array, e.g char3 = stringname[2]
• what is a subroutine?


  a function or procedure
• what is the difference between a function and a procedure?

  function returns a value, procedure doesn't
• defining a subroutine?


  declaring them in code, e.g FUNCTION hello(data), PROCEDURE hello(data)
• calling subroutines?


  calling the subroutine name and the value to be put into the subroutine
• what are parameters?


  input values passed into a subroutine, variables within the subroutine brackers
• how are arrays declared?


  with the keyword array
• how many dimensions of an array can you have?


  as many as you can make
• what functions are used when reading a file with file handling?

  openRead and readLine
• file handling (reading) syntax?

  myFile = openRead("sample.txt"), x = myFile.readLine(), myFile.close
• what is used to determine the end of the file?

  endOfFile()
• what functions are used when writing to files?

  openWrite and writeLine
• file handling (writing) syntax?

  myFile = openWrite("sample.txt"), myFile.writeLine("Hello"), myFile.close()