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Immune System
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Cards (14)
Immune system
Protects the body from
infection
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Natural barriers that reduce the risk of infection
Skin
Blood
clotting to
seal
wounds
Inflammation
to
localise
breaks in the barrier
Phagocytosis
to destroy
invading microbes
Ciliated mucous membranes
that trap microbes in inhaled
air
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Phagocytosis
Process of destroying
invading
microbes
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Receptors
Detect antigens as
foreign
to the body
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Phagocytosis
1.
Microbe
taken up
2.
Phagosome
formed
3.
Lysosome
fuses with
phagosome
4.
Phagolysosomes
digest microbe
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Lysozyme
Kills
bacteria
in tears,
saliva
and stomach acid
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Exocytosis
Process of
releasing
substances from a
cell
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Cell-mediated immune response
Involves detection of specific antigens, production of T lymphocytes, and activation of phagocytes and cytotoxic T
cells
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Humoral response
Involves B lymphocytes detecting specific antigens, producing
plasma
cells and
memory
cells, and antibodies that bind to and inactivate antigens
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Antibodies
Proteins that bind to and
inactivate
antigens
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Antigen-antibody
complex
Increases the rate of engulfment by
phagocytes
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Invading pathogens
Bacteria
Viruses
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Memory cells remain in the circulation ready to
divide
if the same
antigen
is encountered again
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Antibodies circulate in
blood
and
tissue fluid
in readiness to respond to a future infection by the same pathogen
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