enzymes

• How temperature and pH affect the functioning of enzymes and the rate of enzyme controlled reactions

  1. Increase in temperature increases rate of reaction

  2. Rate starts to drop rapidly at high temperatures due to bonds breaking and active site changing shape

  3. Enzyme becomes denatured at high temperatures

  4. Optimal temperature is the temperature at which rate of reaction is highest
• Denatured


  Enzyme cannot bind to substrate and catalyze reaction anymore due to active site changing shape
• Optimal temperature


  Temperature at which rate of reaction is highest
• How pH affects enzymes

  1. If pH gets too high or too low, it will lower the rate of reaction

  2. At first, active site just changes a bit so substrate can still fit but less well

  3. Soon, active site changes shape so much that substrate can't fit at all and enzyme becomes denatured
• Optimal pH


  pH at which enzyme works best
• Most enzymes in our body work best at neutral pHs of around 7
• Enzymes that work in the stomach have an optimal pH of around 2 to function in the acidic environment
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