Respiration

• What is aerobic respiration

  An exoteric reaction in which glucose reacts with oxygen to release energy which can be used by cells
• What’s the word equation for aerobic respiration

  Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
• What’s the symbol equation for aerobic respiration

  C6H12O6 +6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
• Where does aerobic respiration take place

  In the mitochondria
• Why do organisms require the energy released by respiration

  • Synthesis of larger molecules
  • muscle contraction
  • maintenance of body temperature
  • active transport
• What is anaerobic respiration

  Anne other mic reaction in which glucose is broken down to release energy in the absence of oxygen
• What’s the equation for anaerobic respiration

  Glucose -> lactic acid (+energy)
• Why is anaerobic respiration less efficient than aerobic respiration

  Glucose is not completely broken down,so less energy is transferred
• Why can anaerobic respiration lead to muscle fatigue

  Lactic acid (product of anaerobic respiration) builds up in muscles , preventing efficient contraction
• What is an oxygen debt

  The amount of oxygen needed to convert lactic acid back into glucose after anaerobic respiration
• What is fermentation

  A type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in yeast cells
• What is the equation for fermentation

  Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide (+energy)
• Why is the fermentation reaction important

  It is used in the production of bread and alcoholic drinks
• What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

  • Aerobic requires oxygen ; anaerobic does not
  • aerobic produces CO2 and water ; anaerobic produces lactic acid or ethanol + CO2
  • Aerobic transfers a greater amount of energy
• How do muscles store glucose

  As glycogen
• What changes take place when muscular activity increases in the body

  • Heart rate increases and arteries dilate - increases flow of oxygenated blood to muscles
  • breathing rate increases and breathing is deeper - increases the rate of gaseous change
  • stored glycogen is converted back into glucose
• How is lactic acid transported away from the muscles

  Blood flow through the muscles transports lactic acid to the liver where it is oxidised back to glucose
• What is metabolism

  The sum of all the reactions that take place in a cell or an organism
• How do cells use the energy transferred by respiration

  To continuously carry out enzyme controlled processes which lead to the synthesis of new molecules
• Give examples of metabolic reactions

  • Glucose into starch/glycogen/cellulose
  • glycerol and fatty acids into lipids
  • glucose and nitrate ions into amino acids
  • photosynthesis
  • respiration
  • breakdown of excess proteins into urea