GI Drugs

• Antisialogues


  Reduce salivation
• Antisialogues


  • atropine
  • glycopyrrolate (synthetic, longer lasting)
• Antidiarrheals


  • Anticholinergics
  • Opiate related
  • Other
• Anticholinergics


  Reduce GI motility
• Anticholinergics


  • atropine
• Opiate related antidiarrheals


  Slow GI movement (sometimes to constipation)
• Opiate related antidiarrheals


  • diphenoxylate (Lomotil) - similar to meperidine (narcotic)
  • paregoric - derived from opium (natural opiate)
• Other antidiarrheals


  • probiotics - meant to repopulate the GI tract with "good" bacteria
  • metronidazole - kills anaerobic bacteria (which often are the problem)
• Protectants & Adsorbents


  • bismuth salicylate (Pepto Bismol and Kaopectate type products)
  • activated charcoal
• Bismuth salicylate


  • Bismuth - coats the GI walls
  • Salicylate - anti-inflammatory (aspirin-like)
• Activated charcoal


  Binds to harmful agents, prevents absorption
• Laxatives & Cathartics


  • Osmotics
  • Stimulants
  • Bulk forming
  • Emollients
• Osmotics


  Pull water into colon
• Osmotics


  • lactulose
  • Fleet Enema (sodium phosphate) - not for cats
  • Epsom Salts (magnesium sulfate)
  • Milk of Magnesia (magnesium hydroxide)
• Stimulants


  Stimulate nerve endings to increase peristalsis
• Stimulants


  • bisacodyl (Dulcolax) - cathartic
  • phenolphthalein (Ex Lax)
• Bulk forming


  Natural fiber products "soak up" water (increase bulk - increase peristalsis)
• Bulk forming


  • psyllium (Metamucil)
  • polycarbophil (FiberCon)
  • bran
• Emollients


  Stool softeners, non-digestible, lubricate GI tract
• Emollients


  • mineral oil - large animal laxative
  • white petrolatum - hairball remedies
  • docusate
• Anti-emetics


  • Phenothiazines
  • Anti-histamine
  • Anticholinergics
  • Serotonin antagonists
  • Other
• Phenothiazines


  Control vomiting
• Phenothiazines


  • acepromazine
• Anti-histamine


  Blocks access to CRTZ
• Anti-histamine


  • diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
• Anticholinergics


  Block Ach, decreases GI motility
• Anticholinergics


  • atropine
  • aminopentamide (Centrine) - antispasmotic
  • propantheline - antispasmotic
  • N-butylscopalammonium bromide (Buscopan) - horse colic
• Serotonin antagonists


  Control vomiting
• Serotonin antagonists


  • ondansetron
• Other anti-emetics


  • maropitant (Cerenia) - motion sickness, FDA approved
  • metoclopramide (Reglan) - blocks CTRZ and VC, also stimulates GI tract
• Emetics


  • Centrally acting
  • Peripherally acting
• Centrally acting emetics


  Stimulate vomiting reflex
• Centrally acting emetics


  • apomorphine - dogs > cats
  • xylazine - cats > dogs
• Peripherally acting emetics


  Irritate stomach and SI to cause vomiting
• Peripherally acting emetics


  • ipecac syrup
• Anti-ulcer drugs


  • Systemic
  • Non-systemic
  • H2 blockers
  • Pepsin inhibitors
  • Proton pump inhibitors
  • Other
• Systemic anti-ulcer drugs


  Absorbed into blood stream, used more in large animals
• Systemic anti-ulcer drugs


  • sodium bicarbonate
  • calcium carbonate
• Non-systemic anti-ulcer drugs


  Stay in GI tract
• Non-systemic anti-ulcer drugs


  • aluminum hydroxide (Gaviscon)
  • magnesium hydroxide (Magnalax, Milk of Magnesia)
  • combination (Maalox)