Mitochondria and chloroplast

• Mitochondria


  Produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via aerobic respiration
• Mitochondria


  • Oval-shaped, double-membrane organelles that have their own ribosomes and DNA
  • Each membrane is a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins
  • The inner layer of the membrane has folds called Cristae
  • The area surrounded by the folds is called the mitochondrial matrix
  • The mitochondrial matrix contains enzymes used for respiration
• Muscle cells have a very high concentration of mitochondria because they are highly active and need a lot of energy to keep the body moving
• Chloroplast


  • Have their own DNA, ribosomes and have inner and outer membranes
  • The space enclosed by the inner membrane contains a set of interconnected and stacked fluid-filled membrane sacs called thylakoids
  • Each stack of thylakoids is called a granum (plural=grana)
  • Grana are linked by lamellae
  • Lamellae are flat, thin parts of thylakoid membrane
  • The fluid enclosed by the inner membrane that surrounds the grana is called the stroma
• Photosynthesis


  Use carbon dioxide, water and light energy to make glucose and oxygen