SCIENCE REVIEWER 4TH QUARTER EXAMINATION

• • An imaginary line is usually any sort of geometric line (more generally curves) that has only an abstract definition and does not physically exist

  • They are used to properly identify places on a map
• Longitude are imaginary vertical lines on the globe that converge at the poles
• Prime meridian is a 0-degree longitude that passes through Greenwich, England

  • divides the earth into western and eastern
• Latitude is a imaginary horizontal line that runs around the globe

  • They are also known as parallels
• An Equator is an imaginary line that circles the earth at 0-degrees latitude

  • divides the earth into 2 hemispheres
• Tropic of Cancer is a special latitude that is 23.5 degrees North of the equator
• Tropic of Capricorn is a special latitude that is 23.5 degrees South of the equator
• Arctic Circle is a special latitude that is 66.5 degrees North of the equator
• Antarctic circle is a special latitude that is 66.5 degrees South of the equator
• Asia is the largest continent
• Africa is the second largest continent
• America is divided into two large land masses, North and South America
• Antarctica is the 5th largest continent and the coldest and driest place in earth
• Europe is the second smallest continent
• Australia is the smallest continent
• A Mountain is a landforms that rises high above its surroundings.

  • Taller than a hill
• Valleys is a fertile landforms that form between mountain ranges
• Volcano is a conical structure
• Plateaus are flat areas or terrains that are raised sharply
• A hill is a landform that is higher than the surrounding terrain
• A plain are vast and flat platforms at a low elevation that are used for agricultural activities
• A sea is a body of salt water
• Rivers are a natural stream of water that flows toward an ocean, sea, lake or another river
• A lake is a large water form that is surrounded by land
• Waterfalls are a body of flowing water that drops from elevation
• Minerals are naturally occuring solid inorganic substances that have crystalline internal structures and definite chemical compositions
• Silicates are minerals that consist mainly of silicon-oxygen tetrahedron (SiO4).

  • They are abundant in all identified minerals, forming more than 90% of Earth's Crust
• Metallic minerals include common metal ores such as gold, silver, copper, platinum, and iron.
• Non metallic include carbonates and sulfates such as calcite, graphite, dolomite sulfur, gypsum, and apatite.

  • They are widely used in industries and important in rock formation
• A rock is a aggregate of minerals
• Igneous rock is derived from the Latin word "ignis" meaning "fire"

  • They are formed from hot, molten materials
• Igneous intrusive rocks are magmas that solidify before reaching the surface
• Igneous extrusive rocks are solidfying lavas on the surface
• Sedimentary rocks is derived from the Latin word "sedimentum" meaning "settling"

  • formed from fragments of pre existing rocks or remains of living organism
• Clastic sedimentary rocks are broken and formed when pre existing rocks break into smaller pieces through eh action of weathering
• Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed when dissolved minerals precipitate out of a solution
• Biological sedimentary rocks are when a large group of living organisms die
• Metamorphic rocks are derived from the Greek word "metamorphoun" meaning "to transform"
• Foliated metamorphic rocks are distinct layered or banded appearance
• Non foliated metamorphic rocks are rocks that have no banded appearance