October Manifesto

• The Tsarist seemed to be about to completely collapse by October.

  • The Tsar's ministers told him that without reform, the entire Tsarist system could be swept away in revolution.
• Sergei Witte, Trepov and Duke Nikolay Romanov all demanded Nicholas II for reform.

  • Romanov threatened to shoot himself if there was no reform.
• Eventually, Nicholas II gave in and published the October Manifesto.