Coasts Examples

• Hallsands: abandoned Ghost village that occurred due to flooding and mass erosion due to dredging further down the coast for a naval base.
• saltmarshes are found along the Essex coast and also in Morecambe Bay.
• Headlands and bays: Studland Bay (Dorset)
• Coves: Lulworth cove (Dorset) 
• Cave, arch, stack, stump succession: Old Harrys rock (dorset)
• Geos: Selwicks bay, Flamborough.
• Spits: Spurn point (Holderness coast)
• Tombolo’s: chesil beach connects to the isle of Portland (Dorset)
• Cuspate forelands: Dungeness, kent.
• Beaches: Knoll beach, Studland Bay (Dorset) 
• Hallsands (south west)

  ·      Ghost town lost due to coastal mismanagement.

  ·      Naval dockyard nearby was expanded, dredging took place in order to construct.  

  ·      Level of deposition fell as a result as the offshore bar was reduced.

  ·      Beach was eroded and the town flooded multiple times becoming uninhabitable.
• Isle of Wight (ICZM- integrated coastal zone management)
• Isle of Wight:

  ·      location is susceptible to high erosion due to high fetch of Atlantic waves and weak, unstable clays and sands.

  ·      High levels of tourism (2.5 million spending £300 million a year). Coastline attracts visitors and therefore plays a key role in the economic prosperity of the island.
• Isle of Wight:

  ·      From Ventnor to Bonchurch (south coast), Hold the line approach is implemented due to risks from active landslides and high value property. Damage from landslides could have great socio economic effects on tourism due to listed buildings and Victorian coastline. (sea wall, rock amour).
• Isle of Wight:

  ·      Managed retreat at Bembridge Harbour (east coast). Sand shingle spit, supports a variety of flora in its intertidal habitats. Previously used hard engineering but this had damaged ecosystems such as the dunes and spit. Managed retreat will allow it to return to its natural equilibrium and develop.
• Isle of Wight:

  ·      The southwest coast is largely rural and therefore will be allowed to erode naturally.
• Studland bay (Knoll beach)

   

  ·      Positive impact of human management.

  ·      Employs park wardens, prevent dog walkers in peak season, provide areas for different activities: water sports, BBQ, naturism. Dune management and car park. 

  ·      promoting tourism and protecting the environment at the same time. 
• Ainsdale Dunes, north west, Liverpool:

  Threats:

  1.    Public pressure due to tourism and beach visitors. Dune erosion, vandalism, littering, fires.

  2.    Growth of shrubs and invasive species into the dunes. E.g. brambles.
• Management of Ainsdale:Aims to educate and inform visitors while preserve the habitats of the dunes.

  
  

  1.    Scrub clearance, cutting and mowing.

  2.    Turf stripping and excavation to recreate the early stages of the dune (removing previous invasive species)

  3.    Grazing by species such as sheep to control plant growth.

  4.    Dune stabilisation in areas with property. (adding indigenous species).

  5.    Species management. Creating no go areas where animals such as toads are breeding or hatching.

  6.    Visitor management (zoning strategy, boardwalk, Dutch ladders).
• Holderness Coastline​, North east 

   

  ·      Fastest eroding coastline in Europe (3 meters a year).

  ·      Made up of soft boulder clay.

  ·      Combination of factors lead to high erosion rates: Strong winds, small beaches, and soft rock. Plus, the influence of human and mis-management (groynes limiting deposition).