Exercise 11A

• How many known FILARIAL NEMATODES uses humans as their DEFINITIVE HOST?

  8
• Filarial nematodes are DIOECIOUS, hence, they exhibit SEXUAL DIMORPHISM.
• Females are considered as OVOVIVIPAROUS, and can produce thousands of juveniles known as MICROFILARIAE.
• What are the 3 DIVISIONS of FILARIAL NEMATODES, which are based on the anatomic location from which they cause pathology?

  Subcutaneous, Serous, and Lymphatic
• Subcutaneous: Loa loa
• Serous: Mansonella
• Lymphatic: Wuchereria bancrofti
• Subcutaneous: Mansonella streptocerna
• Lymphatic: Brugia malayi
• Subcutaneous: Onchocerna volvulus
• Lymphatic: Brugia timori
• Loa loa is filarial worm that causes LOAIASIS, CALABAR SWELLINGS, FUGITIVE SWELLINGS, AFRICAN EYEWORM or TROPICAL SWELLINGS.
• Loa loa: transmitted to human by DEER FLY VECTOR, CHRYSOPS SILICA, and C. dimidiate.
• The vectors of Loa loa are BLOOD-SUCKING and DAY-BITING.
• What disease is caused by Onchocerna volvulus?

  River blindness
• O. volvulus, along with most filarial nematodes, shares a ENDOSYMBIOTIC relationship with the bacteria WOLBACHIA.
• What is one of the most debilitating diseases plaguing many tropical countries?

  Lymphatic filariasis