Macro nutrient: protein

• WHAT is a protein?

  - made up of amino acids

  - there are at least 20 different AMINO ACIDS: can be found in any number or combination in different proteins.

  - SECONDARY SOURCE OF ENERGY
• WHAT happens when we eat protein?

  - body digests the protein molecule into individual amino acids.

  - makes new protein molecules for the body to use.
• HBV (high biological value) sources of protein. ANIMAL PRODUCT

  ANIMAL PRODUCTS:

  - Meat

  - eggs

  - poultry (birds)

  - fish

  - dairy foods (cheese)
• HBV sources of protein. PLANT PRODUCT (anomaly)

  PLANT PRODUCTS:

  - Soya beans

  - Quinoa
• LBV (low biological value) sources of protein. PLANT PRODUCTS

  PLANT PRODUCTS:

  - Lentils

  - peas

  - beans

  - cereals

  - nuts
• LBV sources of protein . ANIMAL PRODUCTS (anomaly)

  - Gelatine (animal product)
• FUNCTIONS OF PROTEIN


  - Make the body grow

  - repair the body

  - give the body energy (secondary source of energy)
• IMPORTANT substances in the body made from proteins.

  - HORMONES : make you grow and reproduce

  - ENZYMES : digest food

  - ANTIBODIES : help immune system fight viruses
• WHY won't children grow properly and may never reach their full height if they have a PROTEIN DEFICIENCY?

  - NEED the right quality and quantity of nutrients.

  - includes PROTEIN.

  - no protein = no right quality and quantity of nutrients
• WHY do you get HAIR loss if you have a protein deficiency?

  - HAIR is made of protein

  - deficiency = body will use any protein for something important.

  - people can live without hair.
• WHY will your skin and nails be in POOR condition if you have a protein deficiency?

  - Skin and nails contain protein.

  - deficiency = skin and nails will not be maintained properly and will weaken
• WHY are you more likely to develop infections if you have a protein deficiency?


  - deficiency = protein is needed for the immune system.
• WHY will you not be able to digest food properly if you have a protein deficiency?

  - deficiency = causes changes in the digestive system: means that various nutrients cannot be absorbed into the body.
• Deficiencies of PROTEIN:


  - Children won't grow properly

  - may never reach their full height

  - HAIR LOSS

  - SKIN and NAILS will be in POOR condition

  - likely to develop infections

  - not able to digest food properly
• What is Kwashiorkor?


  - severe form of malnutrition

  - babies and children don't get enough protein.

  SIGN - too much fluid in the body's tissue
• WHAT chemical element does Protein contain?

  - Nitrogen
• What does your body do if you have an excess of nitrogen?


  - because it's dangerous, the body removes it in urine, which is excreted.
• WHAT happens if your diet contains too Much protein?

  - Kidneys and Liver have to work harder to get rid of the nitrogen.

  - puts the kidney and liver under stress and cause them to be harmed.
• What is RNI (Reference Nutrient Intake)

  - amount of a nutrient required for 97.5% of the population to be healthy.
• What is RI (Reference Intake)

  - amount of energy + key nutrients that should be eaten each day to maintain a healthy diet.
• What are PROTEIN ALTERNATIVES?

  - manufactured products that are used as alternatives to meat.

  - Consumed by Vegetarians
• What do PROTEIN ALTERNATIVES have?

  - little flavour on their own but it can take up flavours

  - Have a HIGH protein content

  - Often low in saturated fat
• Name 4 different PROTEIN ALTERNATIVES

  - TOFU (Soya Bean Curd)

  
  

  - Tempeh (fermented soya beans)

  
  

  - TVP ( Textured Vegetable Protein)

  
  

  - Myco protein (Quorn)
• What is TOFU made from?

  - treated soya milk
• What is TEMPEH made from?

  - whole fermented soya beans
• What is TVP (Textured Vegetable Protein) made from?

  - soya bean flour
• What is Mycoprotein made from?


  - High protein fungus
• What is the DRV for Male and female, aged 1-3?


  14.5g
• What is the DRV (Dietary reference values) for Male and Female, aged 4-6?

  19.7g
• What is the DRV for Male and Female, aged 7-10?

  28.3g