Case Study

• Sea Defences Case Study

  Swansea Bay

  Caswell Bay

  Oxwich Bay
• Type of Sea Defence in Swansea Bay


  Sea wall
• Types of Sea Defence in Caswell Bay


  Rock armour / rip rap
• Type of Sea Defence in Oxwich Bay

  sand dune regeneration
• Advantage of Sea Wall

  protects base of cliffs
• Disadvantage of Sea Wall


  expenisve
• Advantage of rip rap / rock armour

  cost effective

  eco-friendly
• Disadvantage of rip rap / rock armour

  difficult to transport boulders
• Advantage of sand dune regeneration

  barrier between land and sea that absorbs wave energy
• Disadvantage of sand dune regeneration

  difficult to carefully manage land
• Land Forms found in Gower Peninsula

  Beach

  Headland

  Arch

  Stacks

  Wave cut platform
• Beach in Gower Peninsula


  Rhossli Beach
• How was Rhossli Beach formed?

  Mass movement caused by biological weathering
• Headlands in Gower Peninsula

  Great Tor

  The Worm's head

  Three Cliffs Bay
• How was Great Tor headland was formed?

  soft rock was on either side of Great Tor

  over time the soft rock was eroded

  the erosion of soft rock was more significant than hard rock

  hard rock left creating headland
• Arches in Gower Peninsula

  Three Cliffs Bay

  The Worm's Head - Devil's Bridge

  Broughton Bay
• How was Three Cliffs Bay created


  Cracks are widened in the headland through erosion (hydraulic action, abrasion and chemical weathering)

  crack begins to open up to form a cave

  cave becomes larger and eventually breaks through the headland to form an arch
• Stacks in Gower Peninsula

  The Worm's Head - Devil's Bridge

  Broughton Bay
• How was stack in Broughton Bay formed

  Cracks are widened in the headland through erosion (hydraulic action, abrasion and chemical weathering)

  crack begins to open up to form a cave

  cave becomes larger and eventually breaks through the headland to form an arch

  base of the arch becomes wider by further erosion until roof becomes too heavy and collapses into the sea which leaves a stack

  (stack can carry on being eroded at bottom to create stump)
• Wave cut platform in Gower Peninsula

  Near Paviland Cave
• How wave cut platforms near Paviland Cave were formed?

  formed when the waves eroded the cliff, but left a flat platform behind
• How was Spit at Whiteford point formed

  by longshore drift and prevailing winds / waves
• Where does the River Severn start

  Hafren Forest
• Around where does the River Severn end?


  Bristol
• Case Study Flood Defence

  Bewdley
• Bewdley Flood Defence Scheme


  demountable flood barriers

  permanent walls (with glass for view)
• Aim for Bewdley Flood Defence Scheme

  reduce flood risk to community

  enhance the natural environment near river

  enhance heritage and value of area
• Natural Management Techniques

  plant trees to intercept river

  widen river

  channelled river

  remove channels

  deepen / dredge rivers

  store water in ponds / lakes

  reintroduce beavers for dams

  remove drainage it prevent water in river