genbio 1

Subdecks (1)

Cards (156)

  • ENERGY TRANSFORMATION
    • ATP - ADP cycle
    • Photosynthesis
    • Respiration
  • ORIGIN of LIFE and CELL THEORY
    • SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
    • DIVINE CREATION
    • PANS PERMIA
    • Cell Theory
  • Living Things have movements, respiration, sensitivity, growth, physical response to stimuli, reproduction, and excretion
  • Nothing is permanent except change - Heraclitus
  • Peeing releases heat and causes muscle contractions
  • Nutrition and sex prevent extinction
  • Physiological needs of humans are food and water
  • Cell
    Smallest entity that can function independently, smallest unit with life
  • Cell
    • Cell membrane encloses the cell
    • Cytoplasm is the living part
    • DNA is the control center
    • Organelles are the cellular machinery
  • Cell properties
    • Cell membrane
    • Cytoplasm
    • DNA
    • Organelles
  • Plasma membrane
    Hydrophilic and hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer that regulates entry and exit of substances
  • Plasma membrane components
    • Channels and transporters
    • Receptors
    • Glycoproteins
    • Enzymes
  • Cell wall
    Extra coating found in plants, fungi, protists, and bacteria for protection and communication
  • Cell wall materials
    • Cellulose
    • Chitin
    • Peptidoglycans
  • Cytoskeleton
    • Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments that provide structure, movement, and organelle anchoring
  • Cilia and Flagella
    Whip-like extensions that provide motility and movement
  • Centrioles
    • Paired microtubular structures that organize spindle fibers during cell division
  • Nucleus
    Control center containing DNA and nucleolus
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
    Network of interconnected membranes that help move substances within cells
  • Golgi Apparatus
    Quality assurance and packaging center that modifies and ships molecules
  • Lysosomes
    Digestive organelles that break down old cell parts and invaders
  • Peroxisomes
    Specialized lysosomes that detoxify the cell
  • Vacuoles
    Storage sacs more common in plant cells than animal cells
  • Mitochondria
    Double membrane organelles that extract energy from glucose and store it as ATP
  • Autotrophs are food generating, while heterotrophs need food
  • Chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs are types of autotrophs
  • ATP is the cellular energy of the cell
  • Suicidal bags
    Contain digestive enzymes; help break down old cell parts and digest invaders
  • Types of white blood cells
    • Monocytes
    • Lymphocytes
    • Neutrophils
    • Basophils
    • Eosinophils
  • Lysosomes
    • Specialized organelles that detoxify and break down bacteria and fungi
    • More common in plant cells than animal cells
  • Vacuoles
    Storage sacs that contain water, food, and waste
  • Photosynthesis
    Converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using energy from sunlight
  • Mitochondria
    • Have their own DNA
    • Bound by a double membrane
    • Extract energy from glucose through cellular respiration
  • Chloroplasts
    • Capture solar energy
    • Contain chlorophyll (green pigment)
    • Also contain carotenoids (red-orange pigment) and xanthophylls (yellow pigment)
  • Carolus Linnaeus is the father of taxonomy
  • Domains of life
    • Archaea
    • Bacteria
    • Eukaryote
  • Prokaryotic cells
    • Have circular DNA and lack membrane-bound organelles
    • Have few internal structures like cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes
  • Shapes of prokaryotic cells
    • Cocci (spheres)
    • Bacilli (rods)
    • Spirilla (spirals)
  • Eukaryotic cells
    Have a central nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
  • Types of eukaryotic cells
    • Epithelial
    • Muscle
    • Nerve
    • Blood
    • Bone
    • Fat
    • Skin
    • Stem
    • Sex
    • Pancreatic
    • Cancer