States of matter

    Cards (8)

    • Solids -
      • strong forces of attraction
      • holds them close in fixed positions
      • particles have a definite shape and volume
      • particles vibrate
      • when heated particles gain energy and vibrate more = solids to expand slightly or = weakens forces and can weaken into a liquid
    • Liquid -
      • weak force of attraction between particles
      • randomly arranged but still stick together due to weak forces of attraction
      • have definite volume but dont keep shape
      • particles constantly moving with random motion
      • when heated the particles gain more energy and move faster = weakens forces again and breaks bonds again which turns them into a gas
    • Gas -
      • forces of attraction are very weak
      • free to move and far apart
      • particles in gas travel in straight lines
      • dont keep a definite shape or volume and will always fit any container as they spread out
      • Particles move constantly randomly - hotter they get the faster they get
      • when gas is heated - particles gain energy the gas will expand what it is in ( eg balloon will expand ) but if in a fixed thing the pressure will increase
    • Particle theory -
      • not perfect
      • particles aren't actually : solid , inelastic , spheres
      • they are actually : atoms , ions , molecules
      • it also doesn't show forces between particles ( eg how strong or weak they are )
    • When a gas is cooled -
      • it doesnt have enough energy to overcome forces
      • attraction forces form again
      • condensing from a gas to liquid
    • When a liquid is cooled -
      • particles dont have enough energy to overcome attraction = more attraction forces form
      • fixes particles in places
      • freezing liquid to solid
    • Changing state
    • predicting state of substance -
      • if temp is below the melting point it is a solid
      • if temp is above boiling point it is a gas
      • if temp is between melting and boiling point it is a liquid