Endocrince System

• Glands


  Secrete chemicals
• Endocrine glands


  • Secrete hormones into blood
• Exocrine glands


  • Secrete hormones to the outside of the body
• Hormones


  Chemical messengers that send signals
• Glands


  • Pituitary
  • Islets of Langerhans
  • Testis
  • Thyroid
  • Adrenal
  • Ovaries
  • Thymus
• Anterior Pituitary


  • Secretes Somatotropin, Prolactin, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone, Gonadotropins
• Somatotropin (Growth Hormone)


  Regulates growth rate
• Prolactin


  Milk production
• Gonadotropins


  Stimulate gonad hormones
• Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)


  Stimulates Thyroid gland
• Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACH)


  Stimulates Adrenal gland
• Posterior Pituitary


  • Secretes Oxytocin, Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)
• Oxytocin


  Uterine contraction
• Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)


  Regulates blood pressure and liquid in the body
• Melatonin


  Triggers sleepiness
• Insomnia


  Lack of melatonin in your body
• Thyroxine


  Regulates metabolism
• Calcitonin


  Decreases blood calcium
• Parathyroid Hormone


  Increases blood calcium
• Hypercalcemia


  Too much calcium in the body
• Epinephrine (Adrenaline)


  Keeps body in high alert status (increase heart and breathing rate)
• Cortisol


  Stress; body repair and reduces swelling
• Aldosterone


  Regulates sodium and potassium concentration
• Insulin


  Decreases blood sugar
• Glucagon


  Increases blood sugar
• Which gland is responsible for the following?

  • 1. Pineal
  • 2. Pancreas
  • 3. Thyroid
  • 4. Pituitary
  • 5. Adrenal
  • 6. Testes
  • 7. Pituitary
  • 8. Ovary
  • 9. Parathyroid
  • 10. Pituitary

  
• Diseases related to the Endocrine System

  • Gigantism
  • Dwarfism
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Cretinism
  • Addison's Disease
  • Diabetes Mellitus
• Gigantism


  Too much production of somatotropin, person may grow 7-9 feet tall
• Dwarfism


  Too little production of somatotropin, individual may develop into a well-proportioned little person
• Hypothyroidism


  Thyroid gland becomes less active than normal, body functions slow down, heart rate slows, person gains weight
• Hyperthyroidism


  Overactive thyroid gland, hearts beat faster than normal, weight loss, bulging eyes
• Cretinism


  Deficiency of thyroxine during infancy, stunted bodies, short limbs, enlarged head, mental retardation
• Addison's Disease


  Shortage of cortisol, skin turns brown, muscles become weak
• Diabetes Mellitus


  Accumulation of sugar in the bloodstream
• Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

  Pancreas does not produce adequate amounts of insulin, treatment is taking insulin by injection
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus


  Body does not respond properly to the insulin that is produced, treatment is dietary changes, regular exercise, medications
• Column B


  • 1. Thyroid
  • 2. Pineal
  • 3. Adrenal
  • 4. Islets of Langerhans
  • 5. Pituitary