Geography - Migration -

• Migration


  The permanent movement of a person/persons from one place to another, for over a year
• Economic migrants


  • Have moved for an improved economic life
• Forced migrants

  • Rohingya Muslims of Myanmar who have fled persecution and alleged genocide
  • 3.3m who have fled Ukraine since 24th February 2022 due to war
• Planned economic migration


  Often brings stability, growth and development within a host country
• Russia hosts 11m migrants and the UAE's population is 90% foreign born
• Migrants in host countries

  • Plug skills gaps, enabling the economy to grow
  • Pay taxes and spend money
  • Do jobs such as farming, mining, construction, enabling tourism and income to be maximised, and GDP to grow
• Source countries


  Often benefit from remittances sent back by migrants (e.g. 27% of Tajikistan's GDP, 17% of Pakistan's GDP)
• There are about 1m foreign teachers in the UAE, which also enables growth in the UK as people earn tax free and can afford to pay for housing when they return
• Migrant workers

  • Can be mistreated or exploited, often paid lower wages than nationals, have to abide poor living conditions
  • Female migrants from Philippines and Bangladesh can be held into contract to work as sex slaves rather than house keepers, with little support from host country
• Pakistan has good protection of its migrants because it's so heavily reliant on remittances being sent back
• Informal/unregistered migrants

  • Can benefit host economies if they can work and contribute, but can go uncared for and suffer injustices
• In the case of forced migration, the only positive is the migrant-refugee is safe, otherwise they usually end up in cramped conditions and victim of injustice - lower paid and often poorly housed, and even a victim of abuse
• Migration patterns don't always bring stability, growth and development, instead they can often bring inequality, injustice and conflict