cell biology

• Eukaryotes


  Organisms such as animals, plants and fungi
• Prokaryotes


  Unicellular organisms such as bacteria
• Difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

  • Eukaryotes have cells with genetic material stored in a nucleus, prokaryotes have genetic material floating in the cell
• Eukaryotic cells


  • More complex than prokaryotic cells, much larger in size
• Micrometer (μm)


  A unit of measurement, 1000 times smaller than a millimeter
• Prokaryotic cells are around 1 micrometer in size, eukaryotic cells are 10-100 micrometers in size
• Prokaryotic cells are a million times smaller than a meter ruler
• Orders of magnitude


  Used to make rough comparisons of sizes or quantities between two different things
• If an object is 10 times larger than another


  The order of magnitude increases by 1
• Animal cells


  • Have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes
• Plant cells


  • Have a cell wall, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts in addition to animal cell structures
• Bacteria cells


  • Have cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, cell wall, but no nucleus, chloroplasts, permanent vacuoles or mitochondria
• Bacteria cells have genetic material in a single circular loop and small rings of DNA called plasmids