biology ( 1 and 2 )

• Mrs GREN


  Mnemonic to remember 7 characteristics of living things: Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition
• 7 characteristics of living things

  • Movement
  • Respiration
  • Sensitivity
  • Growth
  • Reproduction
  • Excretion
  • Nutrition
• Movement


  Action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place
• Respiration


  Chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism
• Sensitivity


  Ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment
• Growth


  Permanent increase in size and dry mass
• Reproduction


  Processes that make more of the same kind of organism
• Excretion


  Removal of the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirements
• Nutrition


  Taking in of materials for energy, growth and development
• Species


  Group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
• Binomial system of naming


  Scientific name of an organism made up of genus and species, written in italics
• Dichotomous key


  Used to identify organisms based on a series of questions about their features, branching into two choices at each step
• Classification


  Putting things into groups to make them easier to study
• 5 Kingdoms of living things

  • Animals
  • Plants
  • Fungi
  • Protists
  • Prokaryotes
• Animal cell


  • Multicellular, cells contain nucleus but no cell walls or chloroplasts, get nutrition by eating other living things
• Plant cell


  • Multicellular, cells contain nucleus, chloroplasts and cell walls made of cellulose, get nutrition through photosynthesis
• Fungal cell


  • Multicellular, cells have nuclei and cell walls not made of cellulose, feed by saprophytic or parasitic nutrition
• Protist cell


  • Most are unicellular, some have cell walls and chloroplasts, some make own food through photosynthesis, some eat other living things
• Bacterial cell


  • Often unicellular, have cell walls not made of cellulose, have cytoplasm but no nucleus or mitochondria
• Vertebrate groups


  • Mammals
  • Birds
  • Reptiles
  • Amphibians
  • Fish
• Mammals


  • Have fur/hair, young feed on milk, heart has 4 chambers, different types of teeth
• Birds


  • Have feathers, lay hard-shelled eggs, have beak, have wings instead of 4 limbs
• Reptiles


  • Have scaly skin, lay rubbery-shelled eggs
• Amphibians


  • Have moist skin without scales, lay eggs in water, larvae have gills, adults have lungs
• Fish


  • Live in water, have scales, have gills, have fins
• Invertebrate groups


  • Myriapods
  • Insects
  • Arachnids
  • Crustaceans
• Myriapods


  • Have many body segments, each with at least 1 pair of jointed legs
• Insects


  • Have 3 body parts: head, thorax, abdomen, 3 pairs of jointed legs, 2 pairs of wings
• Arachnids


  • Have 4 pairs of jointed legs, breathe through book lungs
• Crustaceans


  • Have more than 4 pairs of jointed legs, breathe through gills
• Plant groups


  • Ferns
  • Flowering plants (monocots and dicots)
• Ferns


  • Have leaves called fronds, reproduce by spores
• Differences between monocots and dicots

  • Monocots have branching root system, parallel leaf veins, flower parts in multiples of 3

  Dicots have taproot system, branching leaf veins, flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
• Viruses are not considered living things as they cannot carry out life processes on their own, they can only replicate inside living cells