organization of organisma

• Cell


  Basic unit of life, like building blocks that make up an organism
• Animal cell


  • Nucleus (control unit)
  • Mitochondria (powerhouse)
  • Cell membrane (controls what enters/leaves)
  • Cytoplasm (jelly-like substance)
  • Ribosomes (protein synthesis)
• Plant cell


  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosomes
  • Cell wall (made of cellulose, provides structural strength)
  • Chloroplasts (contain chlorophyll, site of photosynthesis)
  • Vacuole (contains cell sap, used for storage and support)
• Nucleus


  Contains genetic material, controls cell activities
• Mitochondria


  Site of aerobic respiration, provides energy for cell
• Cytoplasm


  Jelly-like substance where chemical reactions take place, supports organelles
• Ribosomes


  Site of protein synthesis
• Cell membrane


  Outer covering, controls what goes in and out of cell, provides protection
• Cell wall


  Made of cellulose, provides structural strength and support to plant cell
• Chloroplasts


  Contain chlorophyll, site of photosynthesis
• Vacuole


  Contains cell sap, used for storage and support
• Bacterial cell


  • Circular DNA
  • Plasmids (small circular DNA molecules for genetic information exchange)
• Cell division


  1. Single cell divides to make two cells

  2. Two cells divide to make four cells

  3. And so on
• Levels of organization


  • Cells
  • Tissues (groups of similar cells)
  • Organs (groups of different tissues)
  • Organ systems (groups of organs working together)
  • Multicellular organism
• Specialized cells


  • Ciliated cells (in trachea and bronchi)
  • Root hair cells (in plant roots)
  • Palisade mesophyll cells (in leaves)
  • Neurons (nerve cells)
  • Red blood cells
  • Sperm and egg cells (gametes)
• Magnification


  Image size / Actual size (both in millimeters)
• To convert micrometers to millimeters, divide by 1000
• To convert millimeters to micrometers, multiply by 1000