molecular biology
Cards (15)
- metabolism: the sum of all the chemical reactions in a cell or organism
- anabolism + catabolism
- anabolism: synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules
- example: photosynthesis
- Catabolism: the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules
- examples: cellular respiration
- carbon can form stable compounds because:
- its ability to form covalent bonds
- its ability to form ionic bonds
- its ability to form polar bonds
- its ability to form hydrogen bonds
- Vitalism: indicated that organic molecules could only be synthesised by living systems
- disproven as organic molecules can be synthesised artificially
- production of urea
- Monosaccharides
- glucose, galactose, fructose
- main function: energy source
- subunits: one
- disaccharides:
- lactose, sucrose, maltose
- main function: transported form
- subunits: two
- Polysaccharides:
- cellulose, glycogen, starch
- main function: storage form
- subunits: many
- Cellulose:
- source: plants
- subunit: beta-glucose
- bonds: 1-4
- branches: no
- starch (amylose)
- source: plant
- subunit: alpha glucose
- bonds: 1-4
- branches: no
- starch (amylopectin)
- source: plant
- subunit: alpha glucose
- bonds: 1-4 and 1-6
- branches: very 20 subunits
- Glycogen
- source: animal
- subunit: alpha glucose
- bonds: 1-4 and 1-6
- branches: every 10 subunits
- saturated fats (without a double bond) and trans fats are bad as they increase LDH activity
- Carbohydrates are a short-term energy storage but are more readily digested
- lipids are a long-term energy storage but are less easily digested