DRRR

• Disaster


  A sudden calamitous event, bringing great damage, loss, destruction, and devastation to life and property
• Disaster risk


  The probability that a community's structure or geographic area is to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a particular hazard, on account of its nature, construction and proximity to a hazardous area
• R.A. 10121 was signed on May 27, 2010 by former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and aims to strengthen the Philippines' DRRM system and provide for a national framework
• Natural Disasters


  • Agricultural diseases and pests
  • Storm Surge
  • Drought
  • Earthquake
  • Cyclone
  • Tornado
  • Lightning
  • Wildfire
  • Tsunami
  • Avalanche
  • Volcanic Eruption
  • Volcanic Ash
  • Flood
  • Dust Storm
  • Hail Storm
  • Heat Wave
  • Landslide
  • Sand Storm
  • Blizzard
  • Global Warming
  • Emergency Diseases
• Geologic hazards


  • Earthquake
  • Volcanic Eruption
  • Tsunami
  • Landslides
  • Floods
  • Subsidence
  • Impacts with space objects
• Human-Made and Technological Hazards


  • Hazardous materials
  • Power service disruption and blackout
  • Nuclear power plant and nuclear blasts
  • Chemical threat and biological weapons
  • Cyber attacks
  • Explosion
  • Civil unrest
• Severity of Exposure

  • Highest risk - those who go through disaster themselves
  • High risk - in close contact with victims
  • Lower risk - those who had indirect exposure, such as news of the severe damage
• Gender and Family

  • Women suffer more negative effects than men
  • Disaster recovery is more stressful when children are present at home
  • Women with spouses also experience more distress during recovery
  • Having a family member in the home who is extremely distressed is related to more stress to everyone
  • Conflicts between family members or lack of support in the home make it harder to recover from disasters
• Age


  • Adults who are in the age range of 40 - 60 are likely to be more distressed after disasters
  • Research on how children react to natural disasters is still limited at this point in time
  • Higher stress in the parents is related to worse recovery in children
• Other factors specific to the survivor

  • Were not functioning well before the disaster
  • Had no experience dealing with disasters
  • Must deal with other stressors after the disaster
  • Have poor self-esteem
  • Lack of capacity to manage stress
  • Bereavement (death of someone else)
  • Injury to self or other family members
  • Life threat
  • Panic, horror, or feeling like that during the disaster
  • Being separated from family
  • Great loss of property
  • Displacement
• Developing Countries

  • In developing countries, natural disasters have more severe effects
  • In developed countries, human-caused disasters have more severe effects
• Effects of Natural Disasters on Human Life: Displaced population, Health risk, Food scarcity, Emotional aftershocks
• How and when an event becomes a disaster

  Disasters often differ in quantity of damage caused or in quality of the type of medical consequences
• Emergency Management


  Has replaced civil defense, which can be seen as a more general intent to protect the civilian population in times of peace and war
• Civil Protection


  Widely used within the European Union and refers to government-approved systems and resources whose task is to protect the civilian population, primarily in the event of natural and human-made disaster
• Crisis Management


  Widely used in EU countries and it emphasizes the political and security dimension rather than measures to satisfy the immediate needs of the civilian population
• Disaster Risk Reduction


  An academic trend particularly used for emergency management, focusing on the mitigation and preparedness aspects of emergency cycle
• Natural hazard


  A threat of a naturally occurring event that will have a negative effect on humans
• Natural disaster


  When a hazardous threat actually happens and harms humans
• There will be no natural disasters if it were not for humans. Without humans these are only natural events
• Risk


  A characteristic of the relationship between humans and geologic processes. The risk from natural hazards, while it cannot be eliminated, can, in some cases be minimized through hazard mitigation
• Technological disasters are directly generated by humans, such as oil and toxic material spills, pollution, massive automobile or train wrecks, airplane crashes, etc.
• Natural hazards are produced by processes that have been operating since Earth was formed and are beneficial to us humans because they are responsible for things that make the Earth a habitable planet
• Primary effects


  Occur as a result of the process itself, such as water damage during a flood or collapse of buildings during an earthquake, landslide or hurricane
• Secondary effects


  Occur only because a primary effect caused them, such as fires ignited as a result of earthquakes, disruption of electrical power and water service as a result of earthquake, flood or hurricane, or flooding caused by a landslide into a lake or river
• Tertiary effects


  Long-term effects that are set off as a result of a primary event, such as loss of habitat caused by a flood, permanent changes in the position of a river channel caused by flood, or crop failure caused by volcanic eruption
• Frequency of Natural Disasters


  • Size matters - only when the volume of water in a river becomes greater than the capacity of the stream channel or when large earthquakes occur there is a resulting disaster
  • Location, location, location - a volcano on an isolated uninhabited island, a large earthquake in an unpopulated area, or a hurricane that makes landfall on a coast where few people live will not result in a disaster
  • Magnitude - size and strength of a hazard
• Low or negative social support


  The support of others can be both a risk and a resilience factor. Social support can weaken after disasters. ( This may be due to stress and the need for members of the support network to get on their own lives.)