PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS

• Power- the amount of energy transferred
• Energy- the capacity to do work
• Work- the transferred energy a force acting on a object as it is displaced
•  Friction- force that resists the sliding or rolling of one solid object over another.
• efficiency of machines- it indicates the well input energy is converted to useful output energy or work
• 1st law of thermodynamics- states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only altered in form
• energy conservation law-  energy can neither be created nor destroyed - only converted from one form of energy to another.
• cosine law- establishing a relationship between the lengths of sides of a triangle and the cosine of its angles.
• static friction- the force of friction on an object that is not moving
• vector- a quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
• scalar-quantities that are fully described by a magnitude 
• tension-a force that stretches something
• compression- force that squeezes something
• law of transmissibility- states that the point of application of a force can be moved anywhere along its line of action without changing the external reaction forces on a rigid body.
• principle of moment- when a body is balanced, the total clockwise moment about a point equals the total anticlockwise moment about the same point.
• coplanar vector- vectors which lie on the same plane, in a three-dimensional space
• non-coplanar- they do not lie on the same plane or on the parallel planes.
• concurrent- forces all come together at a single point.
• non-concurrent- two or more forces whose magnitudes are equal but act in opposite directions with a common line of action
• Equilibrium- the net result of all the external forces and moments acting on this object is zero.
• component of force-Forces acting at some angle from the the coordinate axes can be resolved into mutually perpendicular forces
• sine law- defines the ratio of sides of a triangle and their respective sine angles are equivalent to each other.
• thrust system-is a mechanical force. It is generated most often through the reaction of accelerating a mass of gas.
• system of forces-a collection of forces acting on an object simultaneously.
•  Statics - is the branch of mechanics studying forces that act on bodies in static or dynamic equilibrium. 
• Static equilibrium - is a state where bodies are at rest
• dynamic equilibrium- is a state where bodies are moving at a constant velocity
• kinematics- the study of motion, without any reference to the forces that cause the motion.
• kinetics-, branch of classical mechanics that concerns the effect of forces and torques on the motion of bodies having mass. 
• law of thermodynamics- are a set of scientific laws which define a group of physical quantities, such as temperature, energy, and entropy,
• 2nd law of thermodynamics- that entropy constantly increases in a closed system
• 3rd law of thermodynamics- A perfect crystal at zero Kelvin has zero entropy.
• potential energy-  the stored energy in an object due to its position, properties, and forces acting on it. 
• kinetic energy-  the energy an object has because of its motion.
•  internal energy- is the total amount of kinetic energy and chemical potential energy. It is taken in when chemical bonds break, and given out when chemical bonds are made.
•  Cryogenics- the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures. 
• mass flowrate-  is defined as the rate of movement of liquid pass through a unit area.
• space coordinate system- used to describe the position of an object in space. it is an artificial mathematical tool that we construct in order to describe the position of a real object.
• latent heat- energy absorbed or released by a substance during a change in its physical state (phase) that occurs without changing its temperature.
• sensible heat- it concerned only in the change in the temperature of gas or material but not the phase shift.