Hypotheses

• Hypotheses:

  • Present tense
  • Based on previous knowledge, research, or theories
  • About whole population, not just sample
  • Include both IV levels
  • Precise
  • Testable
  • Directional/1-tailed; states difference and direction, guiedied by prior results
  • If they are limited or mixed, non-directional used (2-tailed; only states difference)
• Types of Hypotheses

  • Alternative or experimental:
  • Testable prediction on what is likely to occur
  • Null:
  • Rejects alternative/experimental
  • State prediction is wrong
  • Any effect was chance
  • Directional (one-tailed):
  • States direction
  • For example, one condition is more than another
  • Non-directional (two-tailed):
  • States there is a difference
  • Not what that difference will be