Species Interaction

• Interspecific competition


  • Occurs when members of one or more species interact to use the same limited resources such as food, water, light, and space
• Exploitative competition


  Organisms interact indirectly by consuming scarce resources
• Resource partitioning


  Species competing for similar scarce resources evolve specialized traits that allow them to share resources by using parts of them, using them at different times, or using them in different ways
• Predation


  A member of one species (the predator, or hunter) feeds directly on all or part of a living organism (the prey, or hunted) as part of a food web
• Parasitism


  One species (the parasite) feeds on another organism (the host), usually by living on or inside the host. The parasite benefits and the host is often harmed
• Primary ecological succession

  • Bare rock exposed by a retreating glacier
  • Newly cooled lava
  • Abandoned highway or parking lot
  • Newly created shallow pond or reservoir
• Secondary ecological succession

  Series of communities or ecosystems with different species develop in places containing soil or bottom sediment, after an ecosystem has been disturbed, removed, or destroyed
• Limiting factors in aquatic systems

  • Water temperature, water depth and clarity, nutrient availability, acidity, salinity, oxygen level
• 1. selected species

  • Algae, bacteria, most insects
• Survivorship curves

  Late loss, early loss, constant loss
• Constant loss population

  • Many songbirds