PRELIMS

• D.O. Hebb wrote The Origin of Biopsychology: which opened the discussion about the complexity of human behavior due to brain activity.
• 6 Divisions of Neuroscience:

  • Neuroanatomy
  • Neurochemistry
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Neuropharmacology
  • Neuropathology
  • Neurophysiology
• Neuroanatomy - the study of the structures of the nervous system
• Neuropharmacology - effects of drugs on the brain neural activity.
• Neuropathology - study of nervous system disorders.
• Neurochemistry - chemical bases of neural activity
• Neurophysiology - functions and activities of nervous system
• Neuroendocrinology - study of the relationship between endocrinology and nervous system
• Pure Research - done due to the curiousness of the researcher
• Applied Research - done due to the desire to help the humankind
• Case Study - close observation on a single person
• Quasiexperimental - study of a group that has been exposed to the real problem of the society
• There are 6 division of Biopsychology:

  • Physiological Psychology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Psychopharmacology
  • Psychophysiology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Comparative Psychology
• Physiological Psychology - direct manipulation of the brain

  • Most Pure Research in all biopsychology division
• Neuropsychology - effects of brain damage to the patients

  • most applied research in all biopsychology
• Psychopharmacology - use of drugs in manipulating the brain activity
• Psychophysiology - the study of the connection of physiology and psychology in mental processes
• Cognitive Neuroscience - study of brain function towards its cognition

  • newest division of biopsychology
• Comparative Psychology - the study of evolution and genetic differences of humans in different species.
• Ethology - study of animal behavior in the wild or natural environment
• Rene Descartes: stated that there is physical matter and human mind
• Instinctive Behavior- behavior of animals that are instill to them
• Charles Darwin wrote the On the Orgin of the Species
• Supporting evidence of Darwing:

  1. fossil records
  2. structural similarities
  3. domestication
• Natural Selection - heritable trait that are associated with high survival
• Fitness - the ability of an organism to survive
• Social Dominance - male fight to be the alpha and have more chances to copulate, which is effective in passing desirable characteristics.
• Courtship Display - bring new generation
• Animals have larger limbic system than cortex

  • more emotion and balance than thinking
• Scientific Inference - events that they can observe and use it as logically inferring
• 2 Division of Nervous System:

  • Central Nervous System
  • Peripheral Nervous System
• Central Nervous System - made up of brain and spinal
• Peripheral Nervous System - outside of skull; the nerves

  • Has two division Somatic and Autonomic System
• Somatic Nervous System - focuses on the connection between the external environment and the nervous system; voluntary actions
• Autonomic Nervous System - focuses on the internal environment; involuntary actions

  • 2 types of ANS: Parasympathetic and Sympathetic
• Parasympathetic - is the rest and digest of our system; from brain and sacral
• Sympathetic - the fight or flight system; lumbar and thoracic
• 2 types of Nerves:

  • Afferent Nerves - from PNS to CNS; sensory nerves
  • Efferent Nerves - from CNS to PNS; motor nerves
• Cranial Nerves:

  • Olfactory
  • Optic
  • Oculomotor
  • Trochlear
  • Trigeminal
  • Abducens
  • Facial
  • Vestibulocochlear
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Vagus
  • Accessory
  • Hypoglossal
• Olfactory - responsible for smell

  Optic - sight

  Oculomotor - eye muscle inferior oblique