Anatomy

• Muscular System


  • For movement of body parts, stability and posture, heat production, circulation, and aids in digestion
• Muscles


  Body tissues that provide the force for all body movements
• Types of muscles

  • Skeletal-striated, voluntary in most body parts
  • Smooth-non-striated, involuntary in the intestines
  • Cardiac-striated, involuntary in heart
• Nervous System


  • Controls all bodily functions and coordinates different body organs
• Neuron


  The basic, structural and functional unit of the nervous system (nerve cell)
• Organs of Respiration


  • Lungs-site of gas exchange
  • Respiratory passages - Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveolar sacs, Alveoli
  • Nose-the most external organ
  • Larynx-also known as the voice box
• Components of Cardiovascular System

  • Heart - hollow muscular organ providing the flow of blood
  • Blood vessels - Arteries-carry blood away from the heart, Capillaries-microscopic seed vessels where exchange of contents occurs, Veins-carry blood towards the heart
  • Blood - fluid form made up of Plasma, Erythrocytes (red blood cells), Leukocytes (white blood cells), Thrombocytes (platelets)
• Endocrine System


  • A regulatory system responsible for the release of hormones
• Endocrine Glands


  • Pituitary Gland-master gland of the body
  • Thyroid Gland-controls body's metabolism
  • Parathyroid Gland-regulates calcium and phosphate levels
  • Adrenal Gland-attached to the kidneys, composed of adrenal and cortex
• Digestive System Components


  • Accessory Organs - Liver-produces bile for emulsification of fats, Pancreas-secretes pancreatic juice containing different digestive enzymes into the small intestines, Teeth-start of mechanical digestion, chewing and mastication of food, Tongue-rolling and lubrication of food
  • Necessary Organs - Oral Cavity-contains tongue, teeth and salivary glands, Esophagus-muscular tubing passing food from pharynx to the stomach, Stomach-involved in both mechanical and chemical digestion, Small intestine-where majority of the absorption of nutrients take place, Large intestine-absorbs water from indigestible food, Anus-last part of the alimentary canal which controls the expulsion of feces
• Urinary System


  • Forms and eliminates urine, for osmoregulation, and for acid base balance
• Urinary System Components


  • Kidneys-2 bean-shaped organs which from urine
  • Ureters-connect kidneys to bladder
  • Urinary bladder-stores urine it is excreted from the body
  • Urethra-tube connecting the urinary bladder to the genitals for excretion
• Integumentary System


  • Protects deeper tissues, excretes wastes, regulates temperature, attachment site for sensory receptors, and synthesizes Vitamin D
• Male Reproductive System Components

  • Penis-external sexual organ responsible for getting access to the female reproductive system during sexual intercourse
  • Testes-internal sexual organ that produces sperm and hormone testosterone (endocrine function)
• Female Reproductive System Components

  • Internal Parts - Uterus-also known as the womb, the major reproductive organ of females which hosts the developing fetus, Ovaries-produce the egg cells
  • External Parts - Vulva, Labia, Clitoris