biology

• muscles and galnds are two type of effectors
• order of neurones: sensory, motor, relay
• the CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord
• a synapse is a connection between two neurones
• a nerve signal is transfered by chemicals called neurotransmitters
• neurotransmitters moves across the gap by diffusion
• a relay neurone sends from the CNS to the motor neurone
• A motor neurone sends from the CNS to the effector
• the sensory sends from the receptors to the CNS
• the pathway of a nerve impulse: stimulus, receptor, sensory neurone, CNS, motor neurone, effector, response
• whats in an animal cell : cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, cell membrane. mitochondria
• nucleus: conatins DNA
• ribosome: makes proteins
• cytoplasm: contains organelles
• cell membrane: controls what goes into and out of the cell
• mitochondria: releases energy
• chloroplasts: photosynthesis
• permanent vacuole: where the cell sap is stored
• cell wall: gives support
• haploid: half set of chomosomes (gametes)
• diploid: full set of chromosones (body cells)
• plant cell: ribosomes, cell wall, cell membrane , mitochondria, permanent vacuole, nucleus, chloroplasts
• red blood cells transport co2
• white blood cells fight infection
• mitosis created genetically identical cells
• the cell cycle makes new cells for growth, development and repair
• the cell cycle is body cells in multi cellular organisms dividing to produce new cells
• when the cell divides is called mitosis
• interphase is when the cell grows and prepares for division
• prophase: first stage of cell division
• metaphase: second stage of cell division
• anaphase: third stage of cell divison
• telaphase : forth stage of cell division
• cytokinesis: fifth stage of cell division
• aesexual: one parent, quciker, offspring gentically identical to parent
• sexual : requires two parents, slower, variation, offspring genetically different to parent
• 4 bases: adenine, guanine , thymine, cytosine
• adenine + thymine
• cytosine + guanine
• homozygous Dominant: AA